敦煌莫高窟第285窟北壁供养人形象考辨

The Donor Figures on the North Wall Paintings of Mogao Cave 285 at Dunhuang

莫高窟第285窟是西魏时期开凿的大窟,此窟壁画题材风格多样,艺术水准极高。此窟供养人形象是反映北朝服饰特征和民族关系的珍贵资料,其中北壁世俗供养人,从其袴褶装和姓氏分析,应为鲜卑化的汉族武官。此窟集中出现较多的武人、神将形象和战争题材壁画,反映了北魏末期武人阶层的崛起,推测应是西魏时敦煌统治者元荣率领瓜州武官营建,属于巩固边防军事的地方治理策略。

Cave 285 of the Mogao Grottoes is a large cave excavated in the Western Wei dynasty,its murals having a variety of themes and styles and high artistic standards.The donor figures of the cave is a valuable material reflecting the clothing characteristics and ethnic relations of the Northern dynasty.Among them,the patron on the northern wall,analyzed from his Hakama pleated robe and his surname,is supposed to be a Xianbeised Han military official.This cave has a large number of images of warlords,divine generals and war themes,embodying the rise of the military class at the end of the Northern Wei dynasty.This cave is inferred to have been built by Guazhou military officials led by Yuan Rong,the ruler of Dunhuang in the Western Wei dynasty,out of the local governance strategy for consolidating the border military defense.