Unconventional 2D Periodic Nanopatterns Based on Block Molecules

This review summarizes the self-assembly of block molecules forming unconventional two-dimensional(2D)periodic nanopatterns.Especially,we emphasize the structural evolution from simple columnar phases to complex 2D tiling morphologies in soft materials including block copolymers,liquid crystals,giant molecules,etc.Then,the state-of-the-art nanofabrication technologies for making sophisticated nanostructures with specific functions via combining both bottom-up assembly and top-down lithography-based methods are discussed,highlighting the use of directed self-assembly processes.Finally,we provide our perspective on this area.By further increasing the complexity of block molecules and the designability of lithography,low-dimensional ordered morphologies will be particularly promising for further application in nanotechnology.