Preparation and characterization of M_(1)-N_(x)-C_(y)based single atom catalysts for environmental applications

Single atom catalysts(SACs)have become the frontier research fields in catalysis.The M_(1)-N_(x)-C_(y)based SACs,wherein single metal atoms(M1)are stabilized by N-doped carbonaceous materials,have provided new opportunities for catalysis due to their high reactivity,maximized atomic utilization,and high selectivity.In this review,the fabrication methods of M_(1)-N_(x)-C_(y)based SACs via support anchoring strategy and coordination design strategy are summarized to help the readers understand the interaction mechanism of single atoms and support.Then,characterization technologies for identifying single metal atoms are presented.Besides,the environmental applications including management of harmful gases,water purification are discussed.Finally,future opportunities and challenges for preparation strategies,mechanisms and applications are concluded.We conclude this review by emphasizing the fact that M_(1)-N_(x)-C_(y)based SACs has the potential to become an important candidate for solving current and future environmental pollution problems.