CRISPR/Cas系统在抗细菌感染领域的应用现状与进展

Current advances of CRISPR/Cas system in antibacterial field

CRISPR/Cas基因编辑技术是21世纪分子生物学领域的一次重大突破,该技术的便捷性、通用性、靶向性将其应用的范围推向各个领域。在目前细菌耐药形势严峻、耐药菌检测手段局限、抗感染药物研发缓慢的全球大背景下,CRISPR/Cas基因编辑技术为抗细菌感染领域的发展提供了一些新的思路。一方面,CRISPR/Cas基因编辑技术有助于对细菌功能研究的展开,起到工具箱的作用,如利用Cas蛋白和外源修复系统实现高效、精准的基因编辑,nCas蛋白和脱氨酶系统实现无模板、单碱基精准编辑,dCas蛋白和反转录酶实现免修复基因编辑,以及dCas蛋白和改造后的sgRNA实现基因表达水平调控、基因功能解析。另一方面,它特异性识别基因、靶向切割DNA的特点可用于病原体检测、消除耐药菌及耐药基因,有望成为临床诊断和治疗的新策略。

A breakthrough in molecular biology for the twenty-first century is CRISPR/Cas gene editing,which has been used in a variety of fields due to its simplicity,adaptability,and targeting.Given the current global challenge of severe bacterial resistance,difficulties in detecting antimicrobial resistance,and slow development of antimicrobial drugs,CRISPR/Cas gene-editing technology offers a promising avenue for the development of antibacterial treatments.On the one hand,CRISPR/Cas gene editing technology helps advance the study of bacterial functions and serves as a toolbox.For instance,Cas proteins and exogenous repair systems enable efficient and precise gene editing,nCas proteins and deaminase systems facilitate template-free and single base precision editing,dCas proteins and reverse transcriptase allow for repair-free gene editing,and dCas proteins and modified sgRNA enable gene expression level regulation and gene function analysis.On the other hand,its specific gene recognition and targeted DNA cleavage characteristics can be used for pathogen detection,elimination of drug-resistant bacteria and genes,and hold promise as a new strategy for clinical diagnosis and treatment.