2016-2021年北京地区过敏性鼻炎就诊患者大数据特征分析

Analysis of big data characteristics of allergic rhinitis patients in Beijing City from 2016 to 2021

探讨北京地区2016—2021年因过敏性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)就诊患者大数据特征,包括时间分布、人群分布及地区分布,为AR防治工作提供参考依据。本研究采用描述性流行病学方法对30家电子病历共享工程试点医院2016年1月至2021年12月AR就诊患者的大数据情况(包括性别、年龄、所在地区)及趋势变化情况进行分析,并采用T检验、Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验等方法进行统计学差异的检验。结果显示,北京市30家医院AR就诊患者量在2016—2019年逐年增加,增长97.9%,年均增长率为25.5%,2020年下降,2021年就诊量基本恢复至2019年水平(461332人次);AR每年9月份就诊患者数量最高,季节指数为177.6%,每年2月份就诊患者数量最低,仅为47.2%;不同年龄组患者就诊量存在显著性差异(H=45319.48,P<0.05),其中15岁以下就诊患者数量最多(819284人次);45~59岁组不同性别就诊患者存在显著性差异(t=-4.26,P<0.05)。本地就诊患者以东城区(占比31.1%)等中心城区人数较多,怀柔区、密云区(占比均为0.4%)等远郊区较少。综上,2016—2021年北京地区AR就诊量总体呈明显增高趋势,有明显季节性特征,且儿童患者较多;就诊患者呈现中心城区多,远郊区少的状况。

To explore the characteristics of big data of patients with allergic rhinitis,including the time,population and spatial distribution of allergic rhinitis in Beijing from 2016 to 2021,so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of this disease.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the distribution(including gender,age and location)and trend of allergic rhinitis patients in 30 pilot hospitals from January 2016 to December 2021,T test and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test were used to test the statistical differences.The results showed that the number of patients with allergic rhinitis in 30 hospitals increased year by year from 2016 to 2019,with an increase of 97.9%.In 2020,the number of patients decreased.In 2021,the number of visits returned to the pre-epidemic level(461332);The number of patients with allergic rhinitis was the highest in September,with a seasonal index of 177.6%,while the lowest number was in February,accounting for only 47.2%;a significant difference was observed in the number of patients in different age groups(H=45319.48,P<0.05),and patients under 15 years old accounted for the highest proportion(819284 visits);There were significant differences between patients of different genders in the 45-59 year old group(t=-4.26,P<0.05).There were relatively more patients with allergic rhinitis in Dongcheng District(31.1%)than in Huairou District and Miyun District(0.4%).In conclusion,since 2016,the number of patients increased significantly,with a varied trend in different seasons.Most patients were children.There were more patients in the central urban area than in the outer suburbs.