2004-2021年北京市丙型肝炎流行特征及感染相关因素分析

Epidemiological characteristics of incident cases and risk factors of hepatitis C infection in Beijing City from 2004 to 2021

目的分析2004—2021年北京市丙型肝炎流行特征和感染相关因素。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,应用Joinpoint回归分析国家法定传染病信息报告系统中2004—2021年北京市丙肝报告发病率的变化趋势和其他流行病学特征。按照1∶1匹配的病例对照调查研究设计,采用logistic回归模型分析北京市2021年丙肝病例的感染相关因素。结果2004—2021年北京市丙肝报告发病率介于2.37/10万~10.46/10万,报告病例年龄主要集中在30~60岁,以慢性为主。丙肝报告发病率呈现先上升后持续下降的趋势(2004—2006年,APC=45.37%,95%CI:-1.56%~114.69%;2006—2021年,APC=-9.21%,95%CI:-10.70%~-7.70%)。logistic回归模型分析显示,手术史(OR=1.84,95%CI:1.08~3.14)和既往输血史(OR=34.22,95%CI:8.05~145.41)是丙肝感染的危险因素。结论北京市丙肝报告发病率先升后降,目前维持在较低水平,感染的危险因素为手术史和既往输血史,预防丙肝传播重点依旧为保证血液安全供应和防止丙肝的医源性传播。

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics and related factors of hepatitis C in Beijing City from 2004 to 2021.MethodsDescriptive epidemiological method and Joinpoint regression were used to analyze the trend and other epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis C in Beijing City from 2004 to 2021 in National Notifiable Disease Reporting System.According to a 1∶1 matched case-control study design,logistic regression was used to investigate the risk factors of hepatitis C infection in 2021.ResultsFrom 2004 to 2021,the reported incidence of hepatitis C in Beijing City ranged from 2.37/100000 to 10.46/100000.The reported cases were mainly aged 30-60 years,and most of them were chronic.The reported incidence of hepatitis C showed an initial increase from 2004 to 2006(APC=45.37%,95%CI:-1.56%-114.69%),and declined after 2006(APC=-9.21%,95%CI:-10.70%-7.70%).Logistic analysis showed that history of surgery(OR=1.84,95%CI:1.08-3.14)and previous blood transfusion(OR=34.22,95%CI:8.05-145.41)were risk factors for hepatitis C infection.ConclusionThe reported incidence of hepatitis C in Beijing City increases first and decreases later.It currently remains at a low level.The risk factors of infection are surgery and blood transfusion history.Safe blood supply and preventing iatrogenic transmission should be focused on the prevention of hepatitis C transmission.