生命早期母体营养和家庭环境暴露与子代特应性皮炎发病的研究进展

Maternal nutritional factors and environmental exposure in early life and childhood atopic dermatitis

特应性皮炎(Atopic dermatitis,AD)是一种儿童好发的慢性、复发性、炎症性皮肤病。该病以皮肤干燥、慢性湿疹样皮损和明显瘙痒为主要特征,严重影响患儿及家庭的生活质量。AD的发病机制尚未明确,可能是易感基因、暴露环境互作,导致皮肤屏障功能异常和全身和局部免疫紊乱引起发病。近些年,母体宫内环境对儿童过敏疾病的影响引起学者们的广泛关注,并提出了过敏疾病源于胎儿期的假说。孕期诸多暴露因素,如孕妇营养状态(叶酸、维生素D、维生素E、多不饱和脂肪酸水平)、吸烟及家庭环境暴露等作为“生命早期暴露”,可能影响子代过敏状态,与儿童特应性皮炎发病有关。本文将近年来围绕孕期母体的营养与家庭环境对子代特应性皮炎发生发展的研究进行阐述。

Atopic dermatitis(AD)is a chronic,recurrent,inflammatory skin disease in children.The disease is characterized by dryness,chronic eczema-like lesions and obvious itching,seriously affecting the quality of life of children and their families.The pathogenesis of AD is not yet to be clear,and it might be the interaction of genetic susceptibility and environmental exposure to induce skin barrier impairment and immune system dysfunction.In recent years,the role of maternal factors or intrauterine environment exposure on childhood allergic diseases has been attracted attention,and the hypothesis that allergic diseases originate from the fetal period has been postulated.Maternal exposures called"early life exposure",such as nutritional factors during pregnancy(folate,vitamin D,vitamin E and polyunsaturated fatty acid)and tobacco exposure,home environmental exposure may be related with childhood atopic dermatitis.This article would focus on the recent research about maternal nutritional factors and family environmental exposure during pregnancy on offspring′s atopic dermatitis.