大学生饮食习惯在体育锻炼与亚健康状态之间的中介效应

Mediating effect of dietary habits among university students between sport exercises and sub⁃health status

目的探究大学生饮食习惯在体育锻炼与亚健康状态之间的中介效应。方法在长春市某高校按照分层整群抽样方法随机抽取大学生为调查对象,采用中文版荷兰饮食行为问卷、亚健康状态自评表进行调查,并对大学生进行体质测量判定体育锻炼情况,采用Pearson相关分析分析饮食习惯、体育锻炼和亚健康间的相关性,通过中介效应模型分析饮食习惯在体育锻炼与亚健康状态间的中介效应。结果有效调查1081人,其中轻度亚健康47人(4.30%),中度亚健康622人(57.50%),重度亚健康59人(5.50%),疾病状态123人(11.40%)。体育锻炼与亚健康状态呈负相关(r=-0.07,P<0.05),与不良饮食习惯呈负相关(r=-0.11,P<0.01),不良饮食习惯与亚健康状态呈正相关(r=0.23,P<0.01)。中介效应分析显示,体育锻炼不仅能够直接影响亚健康,而且能够通过饮食习惯的中介作用影响亚健康,直接效应(-0.10)和中介效应(-0.04)分别占总效应(-0.14)的71.43%和28.57%。结论建议大学生在积极进行体育锻炼的同时,应培养健康科学的饮食习惯,以全面改善大学生的亚健康状态。

Objective To investigate the mediating effect of dietary habits among university students between sport exercises and sub⁃health status.Methods University students were randomly sampled using a stratified cluster sampling method from a university in Changchun City.Questionnaire surveys were performed using Chinese version of Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire and Sub⁃Health Self⁃Rating Scale,and sport exercises were investigated among university students using physical fitness measurement.The correlations among dietary habits,sport exercises and sub⁃health status were identified using Pearson correlation analysis,and the mediating effect of dietary habits between sport exercises and sub⁃health status was examined using a mediating effect model.Results A total of 1081 eligible students were enrolled,including 47 students with mild sub⁃health(4.30%),622 with medium sub⁃health(57.50%),59 with severe sub⁃health(5.50%)and 123 with disease status(11.40%).Sport exercises correlated negatively with sub⁃health status(r=-0.07,P<0.05)and poor dietary habits(r=-0.11,P<0.01),and poor dietary habits correlated positively with sub⁃health status(r=0.23,P<0.01).Results of the mediating effect model showed that sport exercises not only directly affected sub⁃health,but also affected sub⁃health via the mediating effect of dietary habits,and the direct effect(-0.10)and mediating effect(-0.04)consisted of 71.43%and 28.57%of total effects(-0.14),respectively.Conclusions Dietary habits shows a mediating effect in the impact of sport exercises on sub⁃health among university students.In addition to active sport exercises,healthy and scientific dietary habits are required to be created to comprehensive improve the sub⁃health status among university students.