概率视野下“常常”和“往往”的语义辨析

A comparative study on changchang(常常)and wangwang(往往)based on probability statistics

本文在引介统计学“频率”“概率”等相关概念的基础上,对现代汉语频率副词“常常”和“往往”的异同进行了辨析。“常常”表达绝对概率,指说话人根据事件A发生次数在观测总次数中的占比,认定事件A为高概率事件。“往往”表达条件概率,指说话人根据事件B与事件A的交集大于事件B与其他A范畴事件的交集,发现在事件B出现或发生的情况下,事件A出现或发生的概率最高。两相对比:“常常”的统计范围客观,结果主观;“往往”的范围主观,结果客观。

Based on the statistical concepts such as“frequency”and“probability”,this paper makes a comparative study of the syntactic and semantic properties of“changchang”and“wangwang”.“Changchang”expresses absolute probability,which means that according to the proportion of event Ain the total experiments,the speaker believes that event A has a high probability.“Wangwang”expresses conditional probability,which means that according to the intersection of event A and event B being the largest among the class of event A,the speaker concludes that assuming event B,event A has the highest probability.In terms of statistical results,“changchang”is objective and“wangwang”is subjective,while in terms of statistical scope,“changchang”is subjective and“wangwang”is objective.