李贽“咸以孔子之是非为是非”辨正

Correcting Li Zhi's "Obey Confucius' Right and Wrong"

“咸以孔子之是非为是非”是李贽在《藏书·世纪列传总目前论》中提出的重要观点。对此句的理解,若脱离具体语境,容易将其简化、曲解为“不以孔子之是非为是非”。找寻此观点的具体出处并梳理内涵,发掘其文本背景与现实面向,可窥见二者的巨大差别。此外,李贽思想体系的形成很大程度受王阳明影响,阳明晚年明确“致良知”说,针对孔子之是非的讨论可称为此说探索过程的体现,“咸以孔子之是非为是非”则是李贽对此的发扬。在此基础上,以“童心说”为中心考察可见李贽提讲“咸以孔子之是非为是非,故未尝有是非耳”实在于指出“以童心之是非为是非”,对孔子之是非的讨论仅为围绕此展开论述的虚说,并无特殊含义。

"Obey Confucius'right and wrong"is an important viewpoint put forward by Li Zhi in Collection of Books·A Summary of the Century Biography(Cang Shu).It is easy to simplify and misinterpret it as"Deny Confucius'right and wrong"out of the specific context.Looking for the corresponding source of views and sorting out the connotation,exploring their text background and the practical problems,we can further see the huge difference between them.In addition,the formation of Li Zhi's ideological system was greatly influenced by Wang Yangming,who clarified the theory of"to conscience"in his later years,and the discussion on Confucius'right and wrong can be called the reflection of the exploration process of this theory,while"taking Confucius'right and wrong as right and wrong"is Li Zhi's promotion of this theory.On this basis,by taking the theory of childlike innocence as the center,it can be seen that Li Zhi's statement that"the right and wrong of Confucius is right and wrong,so there is no right and wrong"is actually pointing out that"the right and wrong of Confucius is right and wrong based on the childlike innocence",and the discussion on the right and wrong of Confucius is only a virtual statement around this,without special meaning.