广东婴幼儿的中医体质分布特征及体质相关因素探析

Analysis on the Distribution of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution in Guangdong Infants and Preschool Children and the Constitution-Related Factors

【目的】探讨广东婴幼儿的中医体质分布特征,分析各体质类型与婴幼儿性别、年龄、出生方式、喂养方式等因素的相关性,为婴幼儿养生保健和疾病干预提供指导。【方法】采用《王琦九种中医体质量表(0~3岁婴幼儿版)》收集854例广东婴幼儿的一般资料和体质数据,对整体人群、不同性别、不同年龄的婴幼儿中医体质类型的分布进行统计学分析;对年龄、性别、出生方式、前4个月喂养方式、是否独生子女、出生时父母亲年龄、父母亲最终学历与主要体质的关系进行相关性分析。【结果】(1)854例广东婴幼儿的体质构成情况为平和质占49.88%(426/854),8种偏颇体质占50.12%(428/854),位于前3位的偏颇体质为湿热质、气郁质、阴虚质。偏颇体质中,男性第一位是湿热质,占比为16.06%(75/467),女性第一位是气郁质,占比为15.76%(61/387)。0~1岁婴儿以湿热质为首位,占比为18.54%(94/507),1~2岁和2~3岁幼儿以阴虚质为首位,占比分别为18.34%(42/229)、16.10%(19/118)。(2)回归分析结果显示,婴幼儿年龄增加与阴虚质[OR=1.074,95%CI(1.045-1.104)]和气郁质[OR=1.044,95%CI(1.018-1.071)]正相关,女性婴幼儿比男性更容易表现为气郁质[OR=1.726,95%CI(1.090-2.734)],湿热质与人工喂养有显著正相关关系[OR=6.170,95%CI(3.575-10.651)]。【结论】广东婴幼儿最常见的体质类型为平和质,前3位偏颇体质为湿热质、气郁质、阴虚质;不同性别、年龄的婴幼儿在主要体质类型分布上存在统计学差异;性别、年龄、喂养方式对婴幼儿不同体质的形成具有一定影响。

Objective To investigate the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution in Guangdong infants and preschool children,and to explore the correlation of constitution types with gender,age,way of delivery and feeding patterns,so as to provide guidance for health care and disease intervention in infants and preschool children.Methods The general information and constitution data of 854 Guangdong infants and preschool children were collected following WANG Qi’s Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution Scale for Nine Types(version for infants and preschool children at 0-3 years old).Statistical analysis was conducted on the distribution of TCM constitution types among the overall population of Guangdong infants and preschool children,and among the infants and preschool children with various genders and years of age.And the correlation analysis was conducted on the correlation of the primary constitution types with age,gender,way of delivery,feeding pattern in the first 4 neonate months,being the only child or not,age of parents at birth,and the highest education level of parents.Results(1)For the distribution of TCM constitution in the 854 Guangdong infants and preschool children,balanced constitution accounted for 49.88%(426/854),the 8 biased constitution types accounted for 50.12%(428/854),and the top 3 biased constitution types were damp-heat constitution,qistagnation constitution and yin-deficiency constitution.Among the infants and preschool children with biased constitutions,the male was predominated by damp-heat constitution,accounting for 16.06%(75/467),and the female was predominated by qi-stagnation constitution,accounting for 15.76%(61/387).Infants aged 0 to 1 year were predominated by damp-heat constitution,accounting for 18.54%(94/507);the children aged 1 to 2 years and 2 to 3 years were predominated by yin-deficiency constitution,accounting for 18.34%(42/229)and 16.10%(19/118)respectively.(2)Regression analysis showed that the increase of age of the infants and preschool children was positively correlated with yin-deficiency constitution[OR=1.074,95%CI(1.045-1.104)]and qistagnation constitution[OR=1.044,95%CI(1.018-1.071)],the female was more likely to have qi-stagnation constitution than the male[OR=1.726,95%CI(1.090-2.734)],and damp-heat constitution was positively correlated with formula feeding[OR=6.170,95%CI(3.575-10.651)].Conclusion The most common constitution type in Guangdong infants and preschool children is balanced constitution,and the top three biased constitution types are damp-heat constitution,qi-stagnation constitution and yin-deficiency constitution.Statistical differences are seen in the distribution of primary constitution types among the infants and preschool children of various genders and ages,and gender,age and feeding patterns have certain influence on the development of constitutions of the infants and preschool children.