生态保护补偿有助于缩小城乡收入差距吗?——基于国家重点生态功能区转移支付的经验证据

Does Ecological Compensation Narrow the Urban-Rural Income Gap?--Empirical Evidence Based on Transfer Payments in National Key Ecological Function Zone of China

本文利用2008—2017年国家重点生态功能区转移支付的准自然实验,构建交叠双重差分模型识别该政策对县域城乡收入差距的影响。研究发现:国家重点生态功能区转移支付有利于缩小县域城乡收入差距。国家重点生态功能区转移支付通过促进县级政府调整发展战略,直接提高农民收入而不影响城镇居民工资,从而缩小城乡收入差距,同时还能够显著降低县域污染和碳排放。国家重点生态功能区转移支付在财政压力大的地区效果更显著。本文的研究对进一步完善国家重点生态功能区转移支付制度具有启示意义。

Based on a quasi-natural experiment of ecological compensation transfer payments in national key ecological function zone of China from 2008-2017,this paper estimates the impact of ecological compensation transfer payments on the urban-rural income gap.The results show that the transfer payments to key ecological function zone are beneficial to narrow the urban-rural income gap in counties.The transfer payments reduce the urban-rural income gap in counties by reversing the local governments'development strategy,and directly increasing the income of rural residents without affecting the salary of urban residents.Ecological compensation transfer payments can also reduce pollution and carbon emissions.The effect of ecological compensation transfer payments is more pronounced in counties with high fiscal pressure.This paper is instructive for further improving the transfer payments of national key ecological function zone.