母-胎界面miRNA对蜕膜巨噬细胞极化的调控作用

Immune-metabolic characteristics and the role of miRNA in decidual macrophage polarization at maternal-fetal interface

妊娠的维持需要母-胎界面稳定的免疫环境,既要维持免疫耐受保证胎儿发育,又需要适度的免疫反应抵抗感染等。巨噬细胞在蜕膜组织中的分布和变化特征提示该细胞有重要的免疫调控作用,如影响血管重塑、调控滋养细胞功能、调节免疫细胞活性等。微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)是参与疾病发生发展的一类小非编码RNA,在肿瘤等病理机制中的功能已得到广泛研究,但miRNA在妊娠过程中的调控作用,特别是对蜕膜巨噬细胞功能的影响复杂多样。本文系统分析了母-胎界面中蜕膜巨噬细胞表型分布的特点,并发现M2表型抑制或M1异常激活与妊娠并发症有关,进一步讨论了miRNA对巨噬细胞免疫功能的调节及参与细胞极化调控的代谢相关途径,证实miRNA表达的异常会导致不良妊娠的发生。充分了解母-胎界面miRNA调控蜕膜巨噬细胞极化的分子机制,可以为不良妊娠的临床诊疗提供新的见解。

Successful pregnancy requires a balanced immune environment at the maternal-fetal interface,which not only maintains immune tolerance to ensure fetal development,but also requires a moderate immune response to resist infection.The distribution and dynamic changes of macrophages in decidual tissue suggested that it plays an important role in immune regulation,such as influencing vascular remodeling,regulating trophoblast cell function and immune cell activity.MicroRNA(miRNA)is a class of small non-coding RNA involved in the occurrence and development of diseases,and its functions and mechanisms in tumor have been extensively studied.The regulatory role of miRNA in pregnancy,especially in decidual macrophage polarization,is complex.In this paper,we systematically analyzed the phenotypic distribution of decidual macrophages at the maternal-fetal interface,and suggested that the inhibition of M2 phenotype polarization or abnormal activation of M1 was associated with pregnancy complications.We further discussed the regulation of miRNA transcription in immune responses of macrophages and metabolic regulation of macrophage polarization.It was confirmed that abnormal miRNA expression led to adverse pregnancy.A full understanding of the molecular mechanisms of miRNA in inflammatory response and metabolism of decidual macrophages can provide a new insight to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of adverse pregnancy.