蒙台梭利感官教育批评之回顾、反思及启示

Review,Reflection and Enlightenment of Montessori Sensory Education Criticism

蒙台梭利教育在过去的一个世纪中饱受争议却又广为传播,近年来在国际上的热度持续升温。在我国,蒙台梭利教育在实践中的受欢迎程度和在理论界的受关注程度落差较大。回顾蒙台梭利教育发展历程中所受到的批评,发现其感官教育思想是受到诟病的焦点。感官教育是蒙台梭利教育体系中最有特色的部分,其遭受批评的原因在于理论批评者的意见受时代主流观点所局限,实践者因未能充分理解其方法而导致糟糕的执行。蒙台梭利感官教育思想的“深层语法”是儿童是积极主动的学习者,教师应持谦逊的态度并为其提供有准备的环境。这一认识超越了蒙台梭利所在的时代,对当前实践领域的环境创设和教师观察等方面相关问题的思考具有重要的意义。

Montessori education has been controversial but widely spread in the past century,and in recent years,the international heat continues to rise.In China,there is a great gap between the popularity of Montessori education in practice and its attention in the theoretical field.Reviewing the criticism received in the development process of Montessori education,it is found that its sensory education thought is the focus of criticism which is the most distinctive part of Montessori education system.The reason for its criticism is that the opinions of the theoretical critics have been limited by the mainstream views of the times,and the practitioners have failed to fully understand its methods,resulting in poor implementation.The “deep grammar”of Montessori sensory education thought is that children are active learners,teachers should hold a humble attitude and provide a prepared environment for them.This understanding goes beyond The Times,and is of great significance for thinking about the environment creation and teacher observation in the current practice field.