我国“五育”思想的历史脉络、基本特征与未来展望

The Historical Process,Basic Characteristics and Prospect of Thoughts on"Five Domains of Education"in China

纵观近代以来,关于要培养什么样的人,一直在调整和变化,从清末的德智体“真国民”到如今的德智体美劳全面发展的人,体现了不同时期不同的人才培养观。我国“五育”思想总体呈现出以下特点:道德教育一直备受重视、注重汲取先进的教育思想与理论、具有鲜明的时代性、由主要关注社会价值转向关注本体价值。展望未来,我们要坚持以人为本的发展观,凸显人的价值与发展;要坚持“五育”互通互融,德智体美劳全面发展;要坚持全面发展与个性发展相结合;要坚持马克思主义教育理论创新。

Throughout the past century,the discussion on what people we aim to cultivate and educate has never stopped,but the idea has developed from the educational ideal of cultivating"the real nationals"with good morality,intelligence and fitness in the late Qing Dynasty,to"five domains of education"which comprehensively fosters the people′s all-round moral,intellectual,physical and aesthetic grounding with a hard-working spirit.The development has showcased the different talent cultivation concepts in different periods of time,with some distinctive features:moral education has always been attached great attention to,advanced educational thoughts and theories have been learnt and absorbed,the education concepts are embedded with distinct times features,and the focus has shifted from social values towards individual values.Looking into the future,we should adhere to the people-oriented development concept,and highlight the value of people and their development;we should adhere to the integration of"five domains of education",in pursuit of an all-round moral,intellectual,physical and aesthetic grounding with a hard-working spirit;we should adhere to a combination of comprehensive development and individual development;and we should adhere to the innovation of Marxist educational theories.