公共数据开放利用的逻辑与规则

The Logic and Rules of Opening and Utilizing Public Data

推动公共数据开放利用成为我国数字经济发展和数据立法的一个重要议题,旨在通过价值创造和价值分配从而实现公共数据的经济价值,但现行立法存在着基础性制度的疏漏问题。从理论逻辑来看,公共数据开放利用旨在从商业利用中释放公共价值。因此,创新性的法律模式、法律规则应与公共数据开放利用相调适,公共数据商业化利用必将其作为资产来对待,从而激励多元利益主体共同参与公共数据价值的创造和分配。在公共数据价值创造中,开放主体自身承担的数据治理责任、商业化利用的机会公平、主管部门与商业利用主体、授权运营机构之间形成了公私合作关系成为核心的法律规则。而在公共数据价值分配规则体系中,基于社会公众是公共数据的形成主体和数据主体,商业利用主体应承担普遍服务义务与自有数据开放义务。

Opening and utilizing public data is to create common value for the society.This becomes a critical issue in both China's digital economy development and data laws.However,there are fundamental systematic omissions in current legislations.From theoretical logic perspective,the public value of public data is created in specific business application scenarios.Therefore,innovative legal models and legal rules should match opening and utilizing public data,and commercialized usage of public data is required to treat public data as asset,so as to motivate multiple stakeholders to participate in creating and distributing public data values.In the creation of public data values,the legal rules as the core of the relationship of publicprivate cooperation have been created,among the data governance responsibilities taken by the opening subject,the fair opportunities commercially used,the competent authorities,commercial utilization subjects and authorized operating agencies.Regarding to the value distribution of public data asset,since the social public are providers for public data set as well as data subjects,commercial utilization subjects should excise universal services responsibility and reopen its own private data set back into the public data opening platform.