提高乳酸菌加工与胃肠耐受性的策略与新技术

Strategies and New Technologies for Improving the Tolerance of Lactic Acid Bacteria to Processing and Gastrointestinal Environments

活性乳酸菌产品因其良好的益生功效越来越受到人们的青睐,市场需求量不断增大。然而,受乳酸菌厌氧和热敏感性的限制,以及加工中加热和氧气胁迫的影响,产品中活性乳酸菌数量大幅度下降。进入体内的活性乳酸菌在胃液高酸性和肠道高胆汁酸等复杂环境的胁迫下进一步降低,严重影响产品的益生功效。为此,人们在提高乳酸菌对热、氧气、胃肠环境耐受性方面进行了大量研究,并开发了系列新技术,但缺乏彼此间的综合对比与分析。本文围绕如何提高乳酸菌的加工存活率,以及胃肠耐受性和肠道递送问题,对静电纺丝、静电喷雾、乳滴技术、多酚纳米盔甲、热诱导预处理等新技术的作用效果进行了总结与对比,以期为相关研究和技术应用提供参考。

The market and demanding of lactic acid bacteria and their products keep increasingly in recent years.However,it is difficult to maintain the activity of lactic acid bacteria during the processing and storage periods due to the stress caused by heating and oxygen exposure conditions for these anaerobic and heat-sensitive bacteria.This also causes a significant reduction in the quantity of live lactic acid bacteria in the end products.The activity of lactic acid bacteria will further decrease under the high acid condition in stomach and the high bile content in gut tract,which greatly reduce the end probiotic efficacy of this kind of probiotic products.Until now,numerous efforts have been made to enhance the tolerance of lactic and bacteria against heat,oxygen and gastrointestinal conditions,resulting in the emergence of several novel technologies.However,it is still challenging to select the most suitable technologies for practical application,as the results from various studies have not been thoroughly summarized and compared.In this study,the currently developed techniques for improving the activity of lactic acid bacteria during processing,under gastrointestinal condition,and in intestinal delivery are comprehensively summarized.The results from different studies are well compared.The application of electrostatic spinning,electrostatic spray,emulsion droplet technology,polyphenol nano armor,and heat induction pretreatment in the process of live lactic acid bacteria is also introduced.The information presented in this study can provide useful guidance for further research and the application of the currently developed techniques.