化肥减量配施羊粪对杧果产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响

Effects of fertilizer reduction and sheep manure application on fruit yield,fruit quality and soil fertility of mango

[目的]为杧果生产施肥精准管理和果园土壤质量提升提供参考。[方法]以7年生‘红玉杧’为研究对象,设单施化肥(CF)、CF减量10%(T1)、CF减量20%(T2)、CF减量30%(T3)、T1配施羊粪5 kg/株(OT1)、T2配施羊粪10 kg/株(OT2)和T3配施羊粪15 kg/株(OT3)共7个处理,分析不同处理下杧果产量、品质、经济效益和土壤肥力的变化,采用隶属函数值法对各处理的效果进行综合评价。[结果]CF、T1、T2、T3处理的产量和收益随化肥减量比例增加而降低,OT1、OT2、OT3处理的产量和收益随配施羊粪量增加而降低。OT1较T1的产量和收益分别提高了9.31%和6.96%,OT2较T2的产量和收益分别提高了12.60%和8.46%,与T3相比,OT3处理的产量提高11.60%,收益减少了1.16%。CF、T1、T2和T3处理果实的可溶性总糖含量、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量、糖酸比和固酸比随化肥减量比例增加呈现先增后减的趋势。配施羊粪可改善果实的内在品质。与T1相比,OT1处理果实的可溶性总糖含量、糖酸比和固酸比分别显著提高了4.29%、32.50%和29.90%,可滴定酸含量显著降低了21.30%;与T2相比,OT2处理果实的可溶性总糖含量和可溶性固形物含量分别显著降低了4.91%和6.53%;与T3相比,OT2处理果实的可溶性总糖含量和可溶性固形物含量分别显著提高了4.82%和6.35%。另外,CF、T1、T2、T3和OT1、OT2、OT3处理果实的N、P、K含量均随化肥减量而降低,同一减量比例下化肥减量与减量配施羊粪处理间果实矿质养分含量无显著差异。配施羊粪还不同程度提高了土壤的pH值和肥力水平,随羊粪施用量增加土壤有机质、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效钾、交换性钙和交换性镁的含量均呈现上升趋势,全氮和有效磷含量呈现先上升、后下降的趋势。[结论]综合考虑产量、经济效益、果实品质和土壤肥力,各处理综合效果由优到劣依次为OT1、OT2、OT3、T2、T1、CF、T3,表现最佳为化肥减量10%配施羊粪5 kg/株,最差为化肥减量30%处理。

【Objective】To provide reference for precise fertilization management in mango production and soil quality improvement in orchard.【Method】The test material was 7-year-old Hongyu mango.A total of 7 treatments were set up,including single application of chemical fertilizer(CF),10%reduction in CF(T1),20%reduction in CF(T2),30%reduction in CF(T3),T1 with sheep manure of 5 kg/plant(OT1),T2 with sheep manure of 10 kg/plant(OT2),and T3 with sheep manure of 15 kg/plant(OT3).The changes of yield,quality,economic benefit and soil fertility of mango under different treatments were analyzed,and the effects of each treatment were comprehensively evaluated by subordination function value method.【Result】The yield and benefits of CF,T1,T2,and T3 treatments decreased with the increase of fertilizer reduction ratio,while the yield and benefits of OT1,OT2,and OT3 treatments decreased with the increase of sheep manure application.Compared with T1,the yield and yield of OT1 increased by 9.31%and 6.96%,respectively;compared with T2,the yield and yield of OT2 increased by 12.60%and 8.46%,respectively;compared with T3,the yield and yield of OT3 increased by 11.60%and the yield decreased by 1.16%.The total soluble sugar content,soluble solid content,titrable acid content,vitamin C content,sugar-acid ratio and solid-acid ratio of CF,T1,T2 and T3 treated fruits increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of fertilizer reduction ratio.Application of sheep manure could improve the internal quality of fruit.Compared with T1,the total soluble sugar content,sugar-acid ratio and solid-acid ratio of OT1 treated fruits were significantly increased by 4.29%,32.50%and 29.90%,respectively,and the titrable acid content was significantly decreased by 21.30%.Compared with T2,the total soluble sugar content and soluble solid content of OT2 treated fruits were significantly reduced by 4.91%and 6.53%,respectively.Compared with T3,the total soluble sugar content and soluble solid content of OT2 treated fruits were significantly increased by 4.82%and 6.35%,respectively.In addition,the N,P and K contents of CF,T1,T2,T3 and OT1,OT2 and OT3 treated fruits all decreased with fertilizer reduction,and there was no significant difference in fruit mineral nutrient contents between fertilizer reduction and goat manure treatment under the same reduction ratio.The contents of soil organic matter,total phosphorus,total potassium,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available potassium,exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium all showed an increasing trend with the increase of the application amount of sheep manure,while the contents of total nitrogen and available phosphorus showed a first increasing trend and then decreasing trend.【Conclusion】Considering yield,economic benefit,fruit quality and soil fertility,the overall effect of each treatment was OT1,OT2,OT3,T2,T1,CF and T3 in order of superior to inferior.The best performance was 10%reduction in chemical fertilizer combined with 5 kg/plant of sheep manure,and the worst was 30%reduction in chemical fertilizer treatment.