水分胁迫对3个品种油橄榄幼苗生理指标的影响

Effects of water stress on physiological indexes of three varieties of olive seedlings

[目的]比较研究四川盆地3个主栽油橄榄Olea europaea L.品种(‘豆果’(Arbeqina)、‘柯基’(Koroneiki)和‘阿布桑娜’(Arbosana))受持续干旱和水涝胁迫时叶片相关生理指标的响应。[方法]以‘豆果’‘柯基’‘阿布桑娜’实生幼苗为研究对象,在人工模拟干旱和水涝处理后,对3个油橄榄品种在不同干旱和水涝持续胁迫下叶片的功能性状差异进行研究。[结果]随着胁迫时间的延长,3个油橄榄品种间叶片的功能性状表现出了一定的种间差异性,3个品种油橄榄叶片叶绿素含量均呈下降趋势,且下降幅度逐渐增加。3个品种油橄榄叶片渗透调节物质含量均呈增加趋势,在20 d时达到最高。3个品种油橄榄叶片可溶性蛋白和MDA的含量变化幅度较平缓,而脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖含量呈倍数性增长。同时3个品种油橄榄叶片POD、SOD的酶活性表现出升高的趋势,在20 d时达到最高,且表现出干旱受迫程度明显低于水涝胁迫,表明3个品种油橄榄对水涝胁迫更为敏感。品种间相比较,随着渗透胁迫程度的加深和时间的延长,‘柯基’叶绿素含量减少幅度较小,脯氨酸含量增加幅度较大,叶片POD、SOD酶活性上升幅度较大。[结论]3个油橄榄品种在不同干旱和水涝持续胁迫下叶片功能性状差异较大,表现出不同的适应特性,3个品种中叶片的功能性状‘柯基’>‘阿布桑娜’>‘豆果’,供试油橄榄品种中‘柯基’对干旱和水涝胁迫的适应性最强。

【Objective】A comparative study was conducted on the responses of leaf physiological indicators of three main olive varieties(‘Arbeqina’,‘Koroneiki’,and‘Arbsana’)grown in Sichuan Basin to persistent drought and waterlogging stresses.【Method】The seedlings of‘Arbeqina’,‘Koroneiki’,and‘Arbsana’were used as research objects to artificially simulate drought and waterlogging treatments.【Result】With the extension of stress time,there was a certain interspecific difference in the functional traits of the leaves among the three olive varieties.The chlorophyll content in the leaves of the three olive varieties showed a decreasing trend,and the decreasing amplitude gradually increased.The content of osmotic regulating substances in the leaves of three varieties of olive showed an increasing trend,reaching its highest at 20 days.The changes in soluble protein content and MDA content in the leaves of three olive varieties were relatively gentle,while the proline content and soluble sugar content increased exponentially.At the same time,the activities of POD and SOD enzymes in the leaves of the three olive varieties showed an upward trend,reaching the highest at 20d,The degree of drought stress was significantly lower than that of waterlogging stress,indicating that three olive varieties were more sensitive to waterlogging stress.Compared among varieties,with the deepening of osmotic stress and the extension of time,the chlorophyll content of‘Koki’decreased slightly,the proline content increased significantly,and the activities of POD and SOD enzymes in leaves increased significantly.【Conclusion】There are significant differences in leaf functional traits among three olive varieties under different drought and waterlogging sustained stresses,and they exhibit different adaptive characteristics.Among these three varieties,the functional traits of the leaves are‘Koroneiki’>‘Arbosana’>‘Arbeqin’.Among the tested olive varieties,‘Koroneiki’has the strongest adaptability to drought and waterlogging stresses.