数字经济对中国城市层面资源配置效率的影响——基于半参数空间杜宾模型的实证研究

The Impact of the Digital Economy on the Efficiency of Resource Allocation at the City Level in China:An Empirical Study Based on the Dubin Model in Semi-Parametric Space

资源错配一直是制约一个国家经济增长和高质量发展的重要因素,随着数字经济的蓬勃发展,如何准确把握数字经济对资源配置效率的影响尤为重要。本文基于全国249个城市2009—2020年的面板数据,对资本错配和劳动力错配程度进行衡量,构建空间模型以及半参数空间模型,探究了数字经济发展对资源错配的影响、数字经济发展和资源错配可能存在的空间溢出效应以及数字经济与资源错配之间可能存在的非线性关系。结果表明:资源错配存在正向的空间溢出效应;数字经济发展能够显著影响本地区以及周边地区资源错配程度,但影响效应存在明显的区域异质性特征,在资本错配方面,影响程度西部大于东部大于中部,在劳动力错配方面,影响程度东部大于中部大于西部;数字经济能够通过刺激外商直接投资、巩固金融深化程度、提高就业活跃度的方式间接影响资源配置效率;在数字经济发展水平较低时,数字经济的发展能够显著改善资本错配,但改善效果会随着数字经济的发展逐渐减小,数字经济发展指数与劳动力错配系数之间存在波浪形关系,数字经济发展初期整体上会加剧劳动力错配,但发展到一定程度后能够显著改善劳动力错配程度。

Resource misallocation has always been an important factor restricting a country's economic growth and high-quality development,with the vigorous development of the digital economy,how to accurately grasp the impact of the digital economy on the efficiency of resource allocation is particularly important.Based on the panel data of 249 cities in China from 2009 to 2020,this paper measures the degree of capital mismatch and labor mismatch,constructs a spatial model and a semi-parametric spatial model,and explores the impact of digital economy development on resource mismatch,the possible spatial spillover effect of digital economy development and resource misallocation,and the possible nonlinear relationship between digital economy and resource mismatch.The results show that there is a positive spatial spillover effect in resource misallocation;The development of digital economy can significantly affect the degree of resource misallocation in the region and surrounding areas,but the impact effect has obvious regional heterogeneity,in terms of capital misallocation,the degree of impact is greater in the west than in the east than in the central region,and in terms of labor misallocation,the degree of impact in the east is greater than in the central part than in the west.The digital economy can indirectly affect the efficiency of resource allocation by stimulating foreign direct investment,consolidating financial deepening,and increasing employment activity.When the level of digital economy development is low,the development of digital economy can significantly improve capital misallocation,but the improvement effect will gradually decrease with the development of digital economy,and there is a wave-type relationship between the digital economy development index and the labor mismatch coefficient,which will aggravate the labor mismatch in the early stage of digital economy development,but can significantly improve the degree of labor mismatch after developing to a certain extent.