从《世说新语》看魏晋时期名教与自然之争

On the dispute between norm and nature in the Wei and Jin Dynasties from A New Account of the Tales of the World

名教与自然关系的争论是魏晋玄学的主题。名教产生于孔子的正名思想,在原初意义上以礼为外在表现形式、以仁为内在旨归,在强调礼治的基础上,重视道德实践。经过后世神学化、纲常化的解释,名教慢慢脱离原有内涵,成为伪名教,逐渐走上与自然对立之路。《世说新语》集中体现了魏晋时期对名教与自然关系的探讨,“越名教而任自然”实质是对伪名教的反抗,而不是真正脱离名教。自由的实现离不开名教,归于名教仍是当时士人的主要思想。

The debate on the relationship between norm and nature is the theme of metaphysics in the Wei and Jin Dynasties.The norm originated from Confucius' thought of rectifying names.In its original sense,the norm takes rites as the external form and benevolence as the internal purpose.On the basis of emphasizing the rule of rites,it attaches importance to moral practice.After the theological and programmatic interpretation of later generations,the norm gradually broke away from its original connotation and became a false norm,gradually becoming opposed to nature.A New Account of the Tales of the World embodies the discussion on the relationship between norm and nature in the Wei and Jin Dynasties.The essence of “passing over the norm and leaving nature to nature”is the resistance to the false norm,rather than the real separation from the norm.The realization of freedom was inseparable from norm,which was still the main idea of scholars at that time.