太行革命根据地妇女识字教育研究

Research on Women's Literacy Education in Taihang Revolutionary Base

识字运动是中国共产党在太行革命根据地开展的一项普及知识、扫除文盲的群众性教育活动。中国共产党在根据地推行妇女识字运动,为女性提供受教育的机会,然而这项工作并非一帆风顺。党克服急躁冒进、强迫入学的工作方式,动员基层干部与义教学员利用冬学、民校、夜校、青补班和识字班等多种灵活方式,广泛开展农村妇女识字教育;学校教员结合实际情况,创造出“小先生”制识字方式,即鼓励儿童多识字,并将“生字”带回家中,教给家中愿学文化的女性。妇女逐渐由被动受教转变为主动求教,社会角色随之发生了变化,在生产劳动、抗战动员、根据地建设等领域发挥着积极作用,有的还成为中国妇女解放运动的后备干部及多个领域的模范代表。

The literacy campaign was a mass educational activity carried out by the Communist Party of China in the Taihang Revolutionary Base to popularize knowledge and eliminate illiteracy.The CPC launched a women's literacy campaign in its bases to provide women with educational opportunities,but the work was not smooth.Under the guidance of the concept of women's education,the CPC overcame the work mode of rushing forward and forcing women to enroll,and mobilized grass-roots cadres and voluntary education students to carry out literacy education for rural women by various flexible means,such as winter schools,civil schools,night schools,youth supplementary classes and literacy classes.In combination with the actual situation,the school teachers created a “little mister” system of literacy,that is,to encourage children to read more,and bring “new words” back home to teach women who were willing to learn knowledge.They gradually turned from passive learning to active learning,and their social roles changed accordingly,playing an active role in production labor,mobilization of resistance against Japanese aggression,base construction and other aspects,and some of them became reserve cadres of the Chinese women's liberation movement and exemplary representatives in many fields.