以危险方法危害公共安全罪若干问题之探讨

Discussion on the Crime of Endangering Public Security by Dangerous Means

目前的司法实践中,用以危险方法危害公共安全罪来定罪的案件越来越多,但是有些裁判却是对该罪的滥用。并且,由于该罪的罪状描述概括性强,司法者在对本罪的运用上容易产生过于宽泛的解释,存在着不当扩大适用的情况,最终导致违反刑法的谦抑性,损害司法公正,让该罪逐渐变得“口袋化”。司法机关在判案时,应限缩对该罪的适用范围,将以危险方法危害公共安全罪中的“公共安全”定为不特定的多数人生命、健康安全,重大公私财产安全仅作为次要利益保护,还应以“不特定且多数人说”来解释“公共”的含义,“其他危险方法”要符合“一次性”与“结果性”的特点。此外,必须要始终坚持罪刑法定原则不动摇,及时出台相关司法解释以及指导性案例,不能任意扩张、随意外延,进行扩大解释。

In the current era,the public is increasingly concerned about their lives,health and property safety.As a result,in judicial practice,more and more cases are used to convict the crime of endangering public security by dangerous methods,but some judges abuse the crime and make it gradually become “pocketed”.Moreover,due to the strong generality of the description of the crime,the judicial personnel tend to produce too broad interpretation of the application of the crime,resulting in its improper expansion in judicial practice,which ultimately violates the modesty of the criminal law and damages judicial justice.The judicial organs should limit the scope of application of the crime when deciding the case,define the “public security” in the crime of endangering public security by dangerous means as the life,health and safety of an unspecified majority,and the safety of major public and private property should only be protected as a secondary interest,and the meaning of “public” should be interpreted as “unspecified and majority”.“Other dangerous methods” should conform to the characteristics of “one-time” and “result”.In addition,we must always adhere to the principle of statutory punishment,timely promulgation of relevant judicial interpretations and guiding cases,and cannot arbitrarily expand,extend,and interprete this crime.