中国高岭土(岩)矿床新成因分类

New Genetic Classification of Kaolin Deposits in China

随着我国经济结构的调整和产业的转型升级,高岭土已被建议列入国家15种战略性非金属矿产之中,因此,对高岭土矿产资源类型及其成因研究刻不容缓。依据高岭土(岩)矿床成因相关研究成果,采用母岩类型(或成矿原始物质来源)+形成作用+矿石类型的复合命名原则,提出了我国高岭土(岩)矿床新的成因分类方案。高岭土(岩)矿床可以划分为4种成因类型、8个成因亚型和12种矿床类型。在现有的6个矿床类型基础上增加了6个新的矿床类型,其中3个为风化残积亚型高岭土矿床,即风化残积亚型木节土矿床、富长石砂(岩)风化残积亚型砂质高岭土矿床、变高岭岩风化残积亚型水铝英石-埃洛石-高岭土矿床。将耐火黏土矿床的硬质黏土、软质黏土和半软质黏土的成因归属于陆源碎屑及胶体化学沉积成岩亚型高岭岩(土)矿床。华北石炭纪—二叠纪含煤岩系中部分煤层夹矸和煤层顶、底板高岭岩是由降落火山碎屑沉积成岩形成的,该类型是一种独特的高岭岩资源,将其单独列为降落火山碎屑沉积成岩亚型。此外,变高岭岩亚型矿床是一种特殊矿床类型,(热)流体蚀变亚型砂岩型高岭土矿床较为罕见,但是一种有潜在经济价值的高岭土矿床类型。

With the adjustment of China's economic structure and industrial transformation and upgrading,kaolin,included in 15 kinds of minerals,has been suggested to be strategic non-metallic minerals in China.Therefore,it is urgent to study the types and causes of kaolin mineral resources.A new genetic classification scheme of kaolin deposits in China was proposed based on the research results on the genesis of kaolin(rock) deposits and the compound naming principle of parent rock type(or source of ore-forming original material) + formation + ore type.Kaolin deposits can be divided into 4 genetic types,8 genetic subtypes and 12 deposit types.On the basis of the existing 6 ore deposit types,6 new types of ore deposits are proposed,including 3 subtypes of weathered eluvial kaolin ore deposits,which are the weathered eluvial subtype knag soil deposits,rich long sand(rock) weathered eluvial and molding sand quality kaolin ore deposit,and kaolin rocks weathered eluvial subtype aluminum water stone-halloysite-kaolin ore deposit.The origin of hard clay,soft clay and semi-soft clay in refractory clay deposits is attributed to terrigenous clastic and colloidal chemical sedimentary diagenetic subtype kaolin(soil) deposits.For the Carboniferous-Permian coal-bearing rock series in North China,part of coal seam gangue and roof and floor kaolin rocks are formed by descending pyroclastic sedimentary diagenesis.This type of kaolin rocks is unique to China and is classified as descending pyroclastic sedimentary diagenesis subtype.In addition,the variable kaolin subtype deposit is a special type of deposit,and the(thermal) fluid alteration subtype sandstone kaolin deposit is rare,but it is a kaolin deposit with potential economic value.