矿用PON及其演进技术研究

Research on mine PON and its evolution technology

随着智能矿山的建设和发展,井下各类子系统的信息传输需求不断增加,基于工业以太网的矿井通信网络面临拓扑复杂、多网共存、可靠性不足等问题,导致建设和维护成本居高不下。PON是运营商网络中主流的光纤接入技术,具有极简架构、灵活部署等优势,其应用正在从家庭宽带向工业领域扩展,将在矿井通信网络建设中发挥重要作用。通过梳理PON的底层架构,包括系统组成、设备功能以及传输原理,并从分光比、传输距离等维度对当前的10G PON进行规格分析,构建矿井应用部署的理论基础。针对当前网络的痛点问题,设计了以10G PON为基础的矿井F5G网络应用方案:构建一主一从的井下双链路传输系统,并进行实时状态监测,实现故障链路倒换和网络功能自愈;利用VLAN划分及QoS管理机制,对井下不同业务进行逻辑隔离和统一承载,避免矿井网络的重复建设;引入双向加密传输机制,并加强对ONU的有效管理,保障井下数据传输的安全性和可靠性;搭建统一网管平台,实现业务的灵活部署、资源的统一管理、故障的集中监控以及告警的实时上报。结合智能矿山建设需求,提出了矿井PON技术的演进方向:平滑升级50G PON,利用已有的ODN基础设施进行部署,并通过选取差异化的载波波长实现与10G PON或其他PON系统的共存;构建确定性网络,通过网络资源预留、节点时间同步等操作,将端到端时延控制在微秒级,将时延抖动控制在纳秒级,将可靠性控制在99.999 9%以上;承载井下移动业务,构建统一的“井下-井上”业务传输通道,同时实现井下的高精度定位;实现通感一体、网算融合,提升网络能力、精简网络架构、补强网络功能,为高阶的矿山智能化建设提供全光底座。

With the construction and development of intelligent mines,the information transmission requirements of various underground subsystems are increasing,and the mine communication network based on industrial Ethernet faces problems such as complex topology,multi-network coexistence,and insufficient reliability,resulting in high construction and maintenance costs.PON is the mainstream optical fiber access technology in operator networks,with the advantages of simplified architecture and flexible deployment,and its application is expanding from home broadband to industrial fields,and will play an important role in the construction of communication networks in mines.By combing the underlying architecture of PON,including system composition,equipment function and transmission principle,and analyzing the specifications of the current 10G PON from the dimensions of spectroscopic ratio and transmission distance,the theoretical basis for mine application deployment is constructed.Aiming at the pain points of the current network,a mine F5G network application scheme based on 10G PON is designed:building a one-master-slave underground dual-link transmission system,and conducting real-time status monitoring to realize fault link switching and network function self-healing;using VLAN division and QoS management mechanism to logically isolate and uniformly carrying for different underground services,to avoid duplicate construction of networks in mines;introducing a twoway encrypted transmission mechanism,and strengthen the effective management of ONU to ensure the safety and reliability of underground data transmission;building a unified network management platform to achieve flexible service deployment,unified resource management,centralized fault monitoring,and real-time alarm reporting.Combined with the requirements of intelligent mine construction,the evolution direction of mine PON technology is proposed:smoothly upgrade 50G PON,using the existing ODN infrastructure for deployment,and achieving coexistence with 10G PON or other PON systems by selecting differentiated carrier wavelengths;building a deterministic network to control end-to-end latency in microseconds,delaying jitter at the nanosecond level,and reliability above99.999 9% through network resource reservation and node time synchronization;carrying underground mobile services,building a unified “downhole-uphole” service transmission channel,meanwhile realizing high-precision positioning underground;realizing synaesthesia integration and network computing integration,improving network capabilities,streamlining network architecture,and strengthening network functions,providing an all-optical base for high-end mine intelligent construction.