非睑缘炎与睑缘炎患者睑缘真菌、细菌及蠕形螨感染情况分析

Analysis of infection of fungi,bacteria and Demodex in eyelid margin of non-blepharitis and blepharitis

目的观察非睑缘炎与睑缘炎患者及不同年龄非睑缘炎患者睑缘真菌、细菌及蠕形螨的分布特点。方法采用横断面研究,纳入2021年3月至2022年6月在河南省立眼科医院门诊确诊的前睑缘炎患者98例和后睑缘炎患者99例,分别作为前睑缘炎组和后睑缘炎组;并纳入同期于眼科门诊首诊为屈光不正的患者100例和玻璃体混浊患者200例作为非睑缘炎组。对所有患者双眼进行睑缘真菌、细菌及睫毛蠕形螨检查,并进行真菌孢子及睫毛蠕形螨计数检查。比较非睑缘炎组不同年龄间以及前睑缘炎组、后睑缘炎组和非睑缘炎组睑缘真菌、细菌及睫毛蠕形螨阳性率和载量的差异。结果非睑缘炎组不同年龄患者睑缘细菌、真菌和睫毛蠕形螨阳性率及蠕形螨载量比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=28.34、10.36、51.57,H=35.66;均P<0.01),其中≥60岁者睑缘细菌阳性率、睫毛蠕形螨阳性率及蠕形螨载量均明显高于<60岁者,睑缘真菌阳性率明显低于<60岁者,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。前睑缘炎组、后睑缘炎组和非睑缘炎组患者标本中细菌和真菌阳性率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=18.99、6.36,均P<0.01),其中前睑缘炎组睑缘细菌阳性率明显高于后睑缘炎组及非睑缘炎组,前睑缘炎及后睑缘炎组睑缘真菌阳性率均明显高于非睑缘炎组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。3个组间睫毛蠕形螨阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.16,P=0.74)。前睑缘炎组和后睑缘炎组睑缘真菌孢子数和睫毛蠕形螨计数均高于非睑缘炎组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。睫毛蠕形螨阳性组睑缘细菌阳性率为45.7%(156/341),明显高于睫毛蠕形螨阴性组的25.6%(40/156),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=17.20,P<0.01)。2个组间睑缘真菌阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.11,P=0.70)。结论睑缘正常人群中,≥60岁者睑缘蠕形螨及细菌感染增加而真菌感染较少。真菌及细菌感染是睑缘炎患者睑缘的主要感染源,睑缘炎患者睑缘蠕形螨检测阳性增加细菌感染机会。

Objective To observe the distribution characteristics of fungi,bacteria and Demodex in the eyelid margin of patients with blepharitis and without blepharitis at different ages.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted.A total of 98 patients diagnosed with anterior blepharitis and 99 patients diagnosed with posterior blepharitis in Henan Eye Hospital from March 2021 to June 2022 were enrolled as anterior blepharitis group and posterior blepharitis,respectively.Additionally,100 patients with an initial diagnosis of refractive error and 200 patients with vitreous opacity were enrolled during the same period as a non-blepharitis group.All patients underwent examinations for lid margin fungi,bacteria and eyelash Demodex,as well as fungal spores and ciliary Demodex count.The differences in the positive rate and load of palpebral fungi,bacteria and eyelash Demodex were compared between anterior and posterior blepharitis groups,as well as across different ages in non-blepharitis group.This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Henan Eye Hospital(No.HNEECKY-2019[18]).All patients were informed about the purpose and methods of the study.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient.Results There were significant differences in the positive rates of bacteria,fungi and Demodex and the load of Demodex in the non-blepharitis group at different ages(χ^(2)=28.34,10.36,51.57,H=35.66;all at P<0.01).The positive rates of palpebral bacteria and ciliary Demodex and the load of Demodex were significantly higher and the palpebral fungi positive rate was significantly lower in the≥60 years old than in the<60 years old(all at P<0.05).There were significant differences in the positive rates of bacteria and fungi among anterior blepharitis,posterior blepharitis and non-blepharitis groups(χ^(2)=18.99,6.36;all at P<0.01).The palpebral bacteria positive rate was significantly higher in anterior blepharitis group than in posterior blepharitis and non-blepharitis groups,and the palpebral fungi positive rate was significantly higher in anterior blepharitis and posterior blepharitis groups than in non-blepharitis group(all at P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the ciliary Demodex detection rate among the three groups(χ^(2)=0.16,P=0.74).The number of palpebral fungi spores and eyelash Demodex counts were higher in anterior and posterior blepharitis groups than in non-blepharitis group,and the differences were statistically significant(all at P<0.05).The positive rate of palpebral margin bacteria in ciliary Demodex-positive group was 45.7%(156/341),which was significantly higher than 25.6%(40/156)in ciliary Demodex-negative group(χ^(2)=17.20,P<0.01),and there was no significant difference in the positive rate of palpebral margin fungi between them(χ^(2)=0.11,P=0.70).Conclusions In the population with normal eyelid margin,the infection of Demodex and bacteria in lid margin increases and fungal infection decreases in the≥60 years old.Fungal and bacterial infections are the main sources of palpebral infection in patients with blepharitis,and positive detection of Demodex increases the chance of bacterial infection.