老年髋部骨折营养治疗研究进展

Advances in nutritional therapy for hip fractures in the elderly

目的帮助临床医生及营养师更好地应用相关知识,解决临床营养治疗中老年髋部骨折的各类营养问题。方法通过对近几年老年髋部骨折患者营养治疗的研究进行综述,分析造成老年髋部骨折患者营养不良的危险因素,选择适合的量表和指标进行营养风险筛查和营养评估,根据评估结果明确患者营养状态,并制定适合老年髋部骨折患者营养治疗干预方案,包括术前、术后以及出院后的营养治疗,加快患者疾病转归,并且依据现有研究提出展望。结果在老年髋部骨折患者进行个性化营养治疗过程中,融入加速康复外科理念、给予早期肠内营养、多学科协作下共同制定科学合理营养治疗计划,帮助老年髋部骨折患者改善临床结局。结论老年髋部骨折患者营养治疗能减少住院时间,促进营养状态好转。

Objective To assist the application of relevant knowledge by clinical doctors and nutritionists and to solve various nutritional issues during the nutritional therapy for hip fractures in the elderly.Methods By reviewing the research on nutritional treatment for hip fracture patients in the elderly in recent years,risk factors for malnutrition in elderly patients with hip fractures were analyzed.Nutritional risks were screened and evaluated by selecting suitable scales and indicators.The individualized nutritional status was determined based on the evaluation results,and appropriate nutritional treatment interventions were formulated,including preoperative,postoperative,and post-discharge nutritional treatment,thus accelerating disease progression in elderly patients with hip fractures.Moreover,we proposed prospects based on existing research.Results In the personalized nutritional treatment process for elderly patients with hip fractures,the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)was integrated.An early enteral nutrition and a scientific and reasonable nutritional treatment plan jointly developed through multidisciplinary collaboration contributed to improve clinical outcomes of elderly patients with hip fractures.Conclusion Nutritional therapy for elderly patients with hip fractures can reduce hospitalization time and promote improvement in nutritional status.