刑事再审程序启动规则探析

A Probe into the Starting Rules of Criminal Retrial Procedure

我国刑事再审制度以实事求是和有错必纠为指导原则,有助于全面纠正错误裁判,但由于强调对案件客观真实的发现,难以突出再审的救济价值。再审启动规则决定案件能否进入再审程序,但存在启动事由宽泛与程序安定性、启动主体设置与刑事诉讼构造、权利救济程序与国家追诉权行使程序之间的多重困境。对此,我国刑事再审程序应以权利的特殊救济程序为定位重构启动规则,确立再审启动程序的基本原则,优化再审启动的主要规则,针对特殊案件设置再审启动特殊规则。

In China,the criminal retrial system is based on the guiding principle of seeking truth from facts and correcting mistakes,which helps to fully correct wrong judgments,but it is difficult to reflect the relief function of the retrial procedure because of the emphasis on the pursuit of objective truth.The main dilemma is that there are multiple conflicts between the broad reasons for initiation and the stability of the procedure,the setting of the main body and the structure of criminal litigation,the procedure of right relief and the exercise of the state's right of recourse.In this regard,the starting rules of Chinese criminal retrial procedure should be reorganized with the special remedial procedure for the right.Establishing the basic principles of the retrial initiation procedure,systematically optimizing the basic rules of criminal retrial initiation,and setting special rules of retrial initiation for special cases are all needed.