摘要
新《证据规定》确立了我国的民事限制自认制度,创设了部分自认和附条件自认两种新的自认方式。然而,司法实务中对其理解和认识并不统一,严重影响事实认定和法律适用的效果。从法理上而言,限制自认的理论基础,一是辩论主义的第二要义,另一为自认可分性理论。基此,对于被告的可分性事实陈述,自认部分应适用自认构成要件,即从客体、场域、“一致性”、“不利性”等四个方面加以规制;附加部分适用证明责任分配规则,需要根据附加请求原因、附加抗辩或附加否认等不同类型,进行具体判断。自认部分与附加部分之间的“可分性”,需要根据附加事实的种类“审酌断定”。
The new Evidence Regulations have established China's civil limited self admission system,creating two new admission methods:partial admission and conditional admission.However,the understanding of it in judicial practice are not unified,which seriously affects the effectiveness of factual determination and legal application.From a legal perspective,the theoretical basis for limiting self admission is the second essence of argumentationism and the theory of separability of self admission.Based on this,for the divisible factual statement of the defendant,the self admission part should be governed by the constituent elements of admission,which are regulated from four aspects:object,field,"consistency"and"disadvantage";The additional part is subject to the allocation rules of burden of proof,and specific judgments need to be made based on different types of reasons for additional requests,additional defenses,or additional denials.In summary,the"separability"between the self admission part and the additional part still needs to be"judged"based on the type of additional facts.
作者
刘文魁
Liu Wen-kui(School of Law,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120,China)
出处
《政法学刊》
2023年第4期85-93,共9页
Journal of Political Science and Law
基金
国家法治与法学理论研究项目“司法解释的规范化研究”(18SFB2027)。
关键词
限制自认
部分自认
附条件自认
审酌断定
Limited Self Admission
Partial Admission
Conditional Admission
Prudent Discretion