民法视野下乡村振兴中村民自治监督的缺失与优化

The Lack and Optimization of Villagers'Autonomous Supervision in Rural Revitalization from the Perspective of Civil Law

实施乡村振兴战略是我国“三农”工作的重点,农民在乡村振兴战略中居于主体地位,这就要求乡村战略的实施必须充分发挥村民自治的作用。近些年来,虽然村民行使自治权利已经取得显著成就,但是也存在一些不容忽视的问题。其中,监督是较为薄弱的环节。完善的监督体系,需要事前监督、事中监督和事后监督的有机结合。针对村民自治监督的缺失,有必要健全信息公开制度,扩大信息公开的客体种类并适度限制知情权,以增强事前监督;加强基层党组织的领导作用,强化党员在涉及乡村振兴事项决议中的参与度,以增强事中监督;扩大集体成员撤销权适用范围,通过对现行法的解释适用,赋予集体成员利用撤销权维护集体整体利益的权利,并增设集体成员派生诉讼制度,以增强事后监督。

Implementing the rural revitalization strategy is the focus of China's"agriculture,rural areas and farmers"work,and farmers occupy the dominant position in the rural revitalization strategy,which requires that the implementation of the rural strategy must give full play to the role of villagers'autonomy.In recent years,although villagers have made remarkable achievements in exercising their autonomy rights,there are also some problems that can not be ignored.Among them,supervision is a weak link.A perfect supervision system needs the organic combination of prior supervision,inprocess supervision and post supervision.In view of the lack of villagers'autonomous supervision,it is necessary to improve the system of information disclosure,expand the types of objects of information disclosure and appropriately limit the right to know so as to strengthen the prior supervision,strengthen the leading role of grass-roots party organizations and the participation of party members in decisions related to rural revitalization in order to strengthen in-process supervision and expand the scope of application of the revocation right of collective members,through the interpretation and application of the current law,give collective members the right to use the cancellation right to safeguard the overall interests of the collective,and add a derivative litigation system for collective members to enhance post-mortem supervision.