基于CFD技术的居住区室外风环境评价——以浙江省绍兴市越城区为例

Outdoor Wind Environment Assessment Based on CFD Simulation--A Case Study of Yuecheng in Shaoxing,Zhejiang

近年来城市化进程高速发展,改变了城市地表粗糙度,从而影响城市的空气流通能力。为了解不同建筑布局形式的风环境差异,更好地为建筑设计服务,本文以浙江省绍兴市越城区为例,通过将气象资料和城市建筑地理信息资料相结合,利用计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)技术开展新旧2种不同建筑群风环境模拟的探索研究。结果表明:在各季节不同的主导风向下,10 m高度内各层的平均风速,高层布局建筑群的平均风速始终大于中低层建筑布局。在人行高度处,中低层建筑布局流场分布均匀,室外通风良好,而高层布局的风速大值区主要集中在通风廊道上,背风区则存在大量静风区。中低层建筑布局对风环境改变较小,有利于大气污染物的扩散,而高层建筑布局,尤其是围合式,不利于小区污染物的扩散。

With the development of urbanization,nowadays more and more attentions have been paid to urban wind environment.Based on the CFD technology,the wind environment of two typical buildings with different laying mode has been simulated,and the influence of different building layout to wind environment in Shaoxing has been discussed,so as to better serve architectural design.It was found that the average wind speed(under 10 m)of high-rise buildings under different prevailing winds was larger than middle and low-rise buildings in each season.On a person height,the wind filed of middle and low-rise buildings was evenly distributed and well ventilated in outdoor,the max wind area of high-rise buildings was concentrated around the ventilation tunnel and the calm wind area was concentrated around the still air zone.The wind environment change of middle and low-rise buildings was small,it was conducive to the spread of air pollutants.And the high-rise buildings,especially the quite hermetic buildings were not conducive to the spread of air pollutants.