基于水凝胶基太阳能蒸发器的研究进展

Research progress on the solar evaporators based on hydrogels

太阳能蒸发技术被认为是一种绿色、可持续的缓解水资源短缺的技术。基底是太阳能蒸发器的重要组成部分,是影响蒸发效率的关键因素。水凝胶由于来源广泛、易于制备等特点成为当下的研究热点之一。本文综述了当前水凝胶材料在界面太阳能蒸发器中的研究进展,重点介绍了聚乙烯醇、壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、纤维素等水凝胶基底材料。分析了不同水凝胶与光热材料组合而成的太阳能蒸发器的各自特点与应用特性,对作为太阳能蒸发器基底的水凝胶提出相应建议,指出构造更有效接触面积的水凝胶基底,改善水凝胶的抗盐、抗污、抗菌性能,增强自修复能力,是基于水凝胶基太阳能蒸发器的重要发展方向。

Solar evaporation technology is considered to be a green and sustainable technology to alleviate water shortage.The substrate,as an important component of the solar evaporator,is a key factor affecting the evaporation efficiency.Hydrogels have become one of the research hotspots due to their wide source and easy preparation.In this paper,the research progress of the hydrogels in solar evaporators is reviewed.Hydrogel substrate materials,such as polyvinyl alcohol,chitosan,sodium alginate and cellulose are mainly introduced.The characteristics and applications of solar evaporators composed of different hydrogels and photothermal materials are analyzed.The corresponding suggestions for the hydrogel as the substrate of solar evaporator are given.It indicates that the fabrication of hydrogel substrate with more efficient contact area,the improvement of salt-resistant,antifouling and antibacterial properties and self-healing ability are important directions for the development of hydrogel-based solar evaporators.