SiO_(2)气凝胶力学性能增强研究进展

Research progress on mechanical properties enhancement of SiO_(2)aerogels

随着社会飞速发展,潜伏的火灾隐患对社会安全造成巨大的威胁,使用防火隔热材料可以有效地进行火灾防控。气凝胶具有密度低、导热系数低、孔隙率高等特点,且呈现出优异的防火隔热性能。SiO_(2)气凝胶是气凝胶材料的典型代表,目前在诸多行业被广泛应用。但是目前SiO_(2)气凝胶仍存在力学性能较差的瓶颈问题,极大地限制了工程应用,因此需要通过引入增强体使SiO_(2)气凝胶保持其本身优良特性的同时需增强其力学性能。本文对目前增强SiO_(2)材料的研究现状进行了简述,并着重针对在制备SiO_(2)气凝胶过程中通过优化工艺及添加纳米材料、纤维、成型体来提高力学性能的方法进行了讨论分析。最后提出了SiO_(2)气凝胶未来的研究方向及发展的建议。

With the rapid development of society,latent fire hazards have a great threat to social security.Fire prevention and control can be effectively carried out by using fire insulation materials.Aerogels have the characteristics of low density,low thermal conductivity,high porosity,and exhibit excellent fire insulation properties.SiO_(2)aerogel is the typical representative of aerogel materials and widely used in many industries.However,SiO_(2)aerogel still has the bottleneck problem of poor mechanical properties at present,resulting in greatly limits for the engineering application.Therefore,it is necessary to introduce reinforcements to make SiO_(2)aerogel maintain its own excellent characteristics and enhance its mechanical properties.In this paper,the current research status of reinforced SiO_(2)materials is briefly described,then the methods of improving mechanical properties by optimizing the process and adding nanomaterials,fibers,compacts in the preparation of silica aerogels are discussed and analyzed.Finally,this paper proposed the future research direction and development suggestions of SiO_(2)aerogels.