第三人撤销之诉对一般债权人的司法救济——152号指导案例评析

Judicial Relief for the General Creditors from the Suits of Challenging the Judgements by a Third Party--Comments on the Guiding Case No.152

不同于传统观点,152号指导案例的裁判要点指出,一般债权人在特定情形下可以符合第三人撤销之诉的主体要件。一般债权人基于查封就查封标的享有的具体受偿权益和保存权益可以支撑其成为既有诉讼之无独立请求权第三人,在其权益受到既有诉讼之生效法律文书发生的既判力或权利证书效力影响时其可以提起第三人撤销之诉。第三人撤销之诉适用于生效法律文书,债权人撤销权适用于民事法律行为,二者适用的撤销客体不同。生效法律文书效力的制度化是第三人撤销之诉等案外人救济制度完善的首要步骤,我国应当尽快实现生效法律文书效力的制度化。

Different from the traditional views,the key points of the judgment in Guiding Case No.152 point out that general creditors are able to meet the subject requirements of a third-party revocation action in specific circumstances.The specific legal interests to be liquidated and to be preserved enjoyed by the general creditors based on judicial sequestration on the subject matter of judicial sequestration can support them to become the third party without independent claim in the pending proceeding.When their legal interests are affected by the res judicata or the effect of certificate of rights of the effective legal documents,they can file the suits of challenging the judgements by a third party.The institutionalization of the effectiveness of effective legal documents is the first step in improving the relief system for outsiders such as the suits of challenging the judgements by a third party and our country should achieve the institutionalization of the effectiveness of effective legal documents as soon as possible.