基于生命周期理论的高黏沥青混合料排水路面环境影响评价

Life Cycle Assessment of Environmental Impact of High Viscosity Modified Porous Asphalt Pavement

高黏沥青混合料因施工温度高、碳排放量大等缺点,在生产和施工阶段对环境产生一定的污染,对其进行生命周期评价(LCA)尤其重要。采用LCA方法,建立了4种资源消耗、6种污染物排放清单;采用当量评估模型计算不同阶段各环境影响类型的占比情况;使用多层次分析方法(AHP)分析不同生态影响类型的权重,赋权后进行综合指标评价。基于以上方法,对传统高黏沥青、温拌改良高黏沥青两种沥青混合料的材料生产、拌和、摊铺、碾压等主要过程进行了生命周期评价与分析。结果表明:温拌改良高黏沥青混合料优于传统高黏沥青混合料,可有效降低环境污染物排放;基质沥青在能耗、污染物排放方面远高于其他原材料,对各类型环境影响占主导;材料生产阶段对ADP的影响最大,拌合生产阶段对能耗、污染物排放和GWP、AP、HT、POCP的影响占主导,摊铺过程和碾压过程对环境影响程度均较小。

Due to the high construction temperature and large carbon emission,high viscosity asphalt mixture causes harmful impact to the environment.Thus,it is important to conduct life cycle assessment(LCA).Four kinds of resource consumption and six kinds of pollutant emission were established.The equivalent assessment model was used to calculate the proportion of each environmental impact in diff erent construction stages.The analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to calculate the weights of diff erent ecological impacts,and the comprehensive index evaluation was conducted after the weights were assigned.Based on the above-mentioned procedure,the LCA of the material production,mixing,spreading and rolling process of the traditional mix and the modified warm mix were conducted.The results showed that the high viscosity modified porous asphalt mixture was superior to the traditional porous asphalt mixture,because it can eff ectively reduce the environmental emission.The energy consumption and pollutant emission of bitumen is much higher than other raw materials,and its environmental impact is dominant.The material production stage has the greatest infl uence on ADP,and the mixing production stage has the dominant infl uence on energy consumption,pollutant emission,GWP,AP,HT and POCP,while the spreading process and rolling process have little impact on the environment.