基于分期播种试验的大兴安岭东部大豆丰产优质气候评价方法研究

Study on Climatic Evaluation Method of High Yield and Quality of Soybean Based on Stage Sowing Experiment in Eastern Da Hinggan Mountains

为了开展大兴安岭东部地区大豆优质、丰产定量化评估服务,利用扎兰屯农业气象监测站1992—2021的大豆发育期和呼伦贝尔市大豆单产资料,结合多年生产实践以及分期播种试验数据,得出大豆各生育阶段丰产优质气象适宜指标,确定各阶段丰产优质气象条件及其重要程度,建立丰产优质气候评价方法和指标,并利用分期播种试验的产量和品质数据进行了验证。根据实际产量和品质特征的丰产优质气象等级符合的占60%,基本符合的占17%,不符合的占23%。评价指标综合考虑了影响产量和品质的气候条件,评价方法丰富了高寒地区大豆种植过程中气候影响的定量评估研究,也为其他大田作物在气候影响评价方面提供了可借鉴的方法。

In order to develop the quantitative evaluation service of soybean high quality and high yield in the Eastern Da Hinggan Mountains,based on the data of soybean development from 1992 to 2021 at the Zalantun Agrometeorological Monitoring Station,and the soybean yield per unit area in Hulun Buir City,combined with years of soybean production practice and staged seeding test data,the suitable meteorological indicators for high yield and good quality at each growth stage of soybean were analyzed,the meteorological conditions for high yield and good quality at each stage and their importance were determined,and the evaluation methods and indicators for high yield and good quality climate were established.The yield and quality data of the stage seeding experiment were used to verify the results.The results showed that the meteorological grade of high yield and good quality that conformed to the actual yield and quality characteristics accounted for 60%,basically conformed to 17%,and not conformed to 23%.The evaluation index comprehensively considers the climatic conditions that affect the yield and quality.The evaluation method enriches the quantitative assessment of the climate impact during the soybean planting process in the alpine region,and also provides a reference method for other field crops in the climate impact assessment.