草浆地膜覆盖配施菌剂对大豆生长发育和杂草群落的影响

Effects of Grass Slurry Mulching with Microbial Fungicides on Soybean Growth and Development and Weed Communities

为明确草浆地膜对大豆在盐碱化土壤中的生产性能,采用对比法,研究其在草浆地膜覆盖及菌剂拌种处理下对盐碱土壤的保水状况、植株长势与杂草群落特征的影响。结果表明:JM(菌剂拌种和草浆地膜覆盖)与KM(草浆地膜覆盖)处理的含水率分别较CK高1.18%和1.06%,差异显著(P<0.05),草浆地膜覆盖减少了土壤中水分的蒸发,增加含水率,而菌剂拌种对其影响不大。KM处理在不同时间内株高呈增加趋势(P<0.05),J0(菌剂拌种)、JM处理对株高影响不大;不同处理对植株叶片SPAD值和氮含量影响不大,但对其地上部干鲜重及干物质积累量有影响,尤其是在后期(7月22日—8月15日)JM和KM处理干物质积累量最多,分别是0.52和0.56 g。此外,JM(78.94株·m^(-2))和KM(147.37株·m^(-2))处理的杂草种类和密度均低于CK(231.58株·m^(-2))和J0(173.68株·m^(-2))处理。KM处理的杂草生物总量最多,平均为82.76 g·m^(-2)。综上所述,草浆地膜覆盖具有保水效果,对植株生长有促进作用,草浆地膜覆盖配施菌剂能够减少杂草滋生。本研究为可降解地膜栽培技术的推广提供了理论依据。

In order to clarify the productive performance of straw mulch on soybean in saline soils,a comparative method was used to study its effect on water retention,plant rise and weed community characteristics in saline soils under straw mulch and fungicide seed dressing treatments.The results showed that the water content of JM(fungicide seed dressing and straw mulch)and KM(straw mulch)treatments was higher than CK by 1.18%and 1.06%,with significant differences(P<0.05).Straw mulching reduced evaporation of water from the soil and increased water content,while fungicide seed dressing had little effect on it.KM treatment increased their plant height at different times(P<0.05)and J0(fungicide seed dressing)and JM treatments had no significant effect on plant height.The different treatments had little effect on the SPAD value and N content of the leaves of soybean plants,but had an effect on their above-ground dry weight,fresh weight and dry matter accumulation,especially at the later stages(7.22-8.15)when the JM and KM treatments accumulated the most dry matter,0.52 and 0.56 g,respectively.In addition,weed species and densities were lower in the JM(78.94 plants·m^(-2))and KM(147.37 plants·m^(-2))treatments than in the CK(231.58 plants·m^(-2))and J0(173.68 plants·m^(-2))treatments.The KM treatment had the highest total weed biomass with an average of 82.76 g·m^(-2).In summary,the grass slurry mulch had a water retention effect and promoted plant growth,and the grass slurry mulch with fungicide application reduced weed growth.This study provides a theoretical basis for the promotion of degradable plastic film cultivation technology.