高品质特殊钢电渣重熔技术的开发和应用

Development and application of electroslag remelting technology for high quality special steels

电渣钢具有成分均匀、组织致密、夹杂物细小弥散分布以及优异的力学性能,使电渣重熔技术成为制备多种特殊钢的重要手段。然而,随着高端装备制造行业的高质量发展对特殊钢质量的要求越来越高,传统电渣重熔技术其固有的特点使其无法满足高端特殊钢的高质量生产要求,在此背景下,东北大学经过十余年的潜心研究,突破传统电渣重熔固有模式,在已有成果基础上进一步深挖,针对电渣钢中气体、夹杂物、易氧化元素烧损及成分偏析等方面开展了大量的研究工作,创新提出了“全参数过程稳定的洁净化理论”和“超快冷和最佳熔速下浅平熔池均质化凝固理论”,根据炉型结构特点和目标产品要求,攻克了动态密封、电极称重、熔速控制、氧浓度监控、结晶器高效水冷多锥度结构设计等多项关键核心技术,研发了全密闭可控气氛电渣重熔、特厚板坯和特大型电渣重熔以及半连续电渣重熔空心和实心钢锭工艺、技术和装备,研发了高品质预熔渣制备及电渣生产废气除氟装备和技术,并在特钢企业得到了广泛推广应用,解决了中国重大工程和高端装备多种高端材料的“卡脖子”制备难题。主要针对上述2个理论和创新成果进行系统介绍,对相关新技术的原理和技术思想及新技术制备的典型产品应用效果进行简单介绍,最后对电渣重熔技术所取得的进展及未来发展进行总结和展望。

Electroslag steel has uniform composition,sound microstructure,fine dispersion distribution of inclusions and excellent mechanical properties,electroslag remelting technology has become an important means to prepare various special steels.However,with the high-quality development of high-end equipment manufacturing industry,the requirements for the quality of special steel are getting higher and higher,the inherent characteristics of traditional electroslag remelting technology make it unable to meet the high-quality production requirements of high-end special steel.Under this background,after more than ten years of painstaking research,northeastern university has broken through the traditional inherent mode of electroslag remelting,and further investigated deep on the basis of existing achievements.It has carried out a lot of research work on the aspects of gas,inclusions,burning loss of easily oxidized elements and composition segregation in electroslag steel,and innovatively put forward"clean theory of full-parameter process stability"and"homogenization solidification theory of shallow flat molten pool under ultra-fast cooling and optimal melting rate".According to the structural characteristics of furnace type and the requirements of target products,it has overcome many key core technologies such as dynamic sealing,electrode weighing,melting rate control,oxygen concentration monitoring,high efficiency water cooling and multi-taper structure design of mold,developed fully closed controllable atmosphere electroslag remelting,extra-thick slab and extra-large electroslag remelting,and semi-continuous electroslag remelting hollow and solid ingots,and carried out extensive applications.In addition,the equipment and technology for preparing high-quality premelted slag and removing fluorine from waste gas of electroslag production were developed,which have been widely popularized and applied in special steel enterprises,and solved the"neck sticking"preparation problem of various high-end materials for major projects and high-end equipment in China.The two theories and innovations mentioned above are systematically introduced,and the principles and technical ideas of related new technologies and the application effects of typical products prepared by the new technologies are briefly introduced.Finally,the progress and future development of electroslag remelting technology are summarized and prospected.