新型冠状病毒疫苗研发技术路线及其在真实世界有效性及接种策略研究进展

Research progress in vaccine development approaches:real-world vaccine effectiveness and vaccination strategies of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines

新型冠状病毒感染是人类近代史上影响范围最广的流行病,已成为全球公共卫生事件,新型冠状病毒疫苗亦成为全球最关注的疫苗研发产品。截至2023年4月,全球已有3000多种新型冠状病毒疫苗研发,183项临床研究正在进行。随着原型株疫苗的使用及新型冠状病毒变种的不断出现,新型冠状病毒疫苗的研发也面临了更加严峻的挑战,本文综述新型冠状病毒疫苗的临床试验结果、真实世界的保护效果现状及疫苗接种策略变化。

In the past few years,COVID-19 has become an unprecedented epidemic and a global public health emergency in modern human history.Therefore,the research and development of COVID-19 vaccines has become the focus in the field of vaccine research and development worldwide.By April 2023,there have been over 3000 COVID-19 vaccines under development around the globe,and 183 relevant ongoing clinical trials.With the use of prototype strain vaccine and the continuous emergence of COVID-19 variants,the research and development of COVID-19 vaccines faces more severe challenges than ever.This article reviews the vaccine efficacy in clinical trials,real-world vaccine effectiveness and the changes in vaccination strategies of COVID-19 vaccines.