外保温塑料大棚锥形滚筒式翻越卷放装置的设计与试验

Design and experiment of a conical reel type over-top rolling machine for thermal quilt in external thermal arch shed

针对外保温塑料大棚保温被卷起后停放在棚顶产生遮光、增加骨架载荷等问题,设计一种锥形滚筒式翻越卷放装置,装置通过基于绳索传动的辅助翻越机构实现翻越棚顶卷放保温被。根据功能要求进行翻越卷放装置的整体设计:装置主要由卷被轴、摇杆、主机、辅助翻越机构4部分组成。建立了在不同结构形式的外保温塑料大棚中,应用不同种类保温被时装置关键零部件的设计方法,根据保温被的卷放规律设计了锥形滚筒结构参数的计算方法;分析保温被卷放过程中的运动和受力情况,得出最大工作负荷的计算方法,并给出了电动机、减速机的选型方法;建立卷被轴的力学模型,给出了卷被轴的校核方法。在跨度10 m、长度48 m的外保温塑料大棚上安装锥形滚筒式翻越卷放装置进行试验,结果表明:保温被铺放平整,卷起整齐,具有良好的作业效果;装置实际运行时间稳定,具有稳定的工作状态。在实际工况下进行试验,验证了设计方案的切实可行。本研究设计的锥形滚筒式翻越卷放装置,可以解决棚内遮光、骨架载荷增加等问题,为外保温塑料大棚的性能提升和推广应用提供新的技术支撑。

Aiming at indoor shadow,skeleton load increasing and other problems of caused by the rolled up thermal quilt of the external thermal arch shed parked at the top of the arch shed,a conical reel type over-top rolling machine was designed in this study.This machine uses the auxiliary climbing mechanism based on the rope drive principle to climb over the top of the arch shed to roll up and lay insulation thermal quilt.According to the functional requirements,the overall design of the over-top rolling machine was carried out.The over-top rolling machine was mainly composed of four parts as follows:coiling shaft,rocker,main engine and auxiliary climbing mechanism.The design methods of the key parts of the machine for different types of thermal quilts in different structural forms of external thermal arch shed was established,and the calculation method of the structural parameters of the conical reel was designed according to the rolling rules of the thermal quilt.By analyzing the movement and force in the rolling process of the thermal quilt,the calculation method of the maximum working load was obtained,and the selection method of the motor and reducer was determined.The mechanical model of the coiling shaft was established,and the checking method of the coiling shaft is given.Finally,the over-top rolling machine was installed on an external thermal arch shed with the span of 10 m and the length of 48 m.The results show that:The thermal quilt was laid flat and rolled neatly with a good operation effect;The actual running time of the over-top rolling machine was stable and the machine had stable working state.The feasibility of the design scheme was verified by the test under the actual working condition.In conclusion,the conical reel type over-top rolling machine in this study can solve the problems of indoor shadow and skeleton load,and provide new technical support for the performance improvement and application of external thermal arch shed.