产前针对性心理干预联合瑜伽训练对孕产妇焦虑抑郁及母婴结局的影响

Effects of prenatal targeted psychological interventions combined with yoga on maternal anxiety,depression and maternal and infant outcomes

目的探讨产前针对性心理干预联合瑜伽训练对孕产妇焦虑抑郁及母婴结局的影响。方法选取2021年1月至2022年12月在济宁市妇幼保健计划生育服务中心建档并按要求定期产前检查的孕产妇100例为研究对象,根据随机数字法分为试验组和对照组,每组各50例。试验组给予针对性心理干预联合瑜伽训练的方法,对照组给予常规护理的方法。比较两组焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)评分、抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)评分、一般自我效能感量表(general self-efficacy scale,GSES)评分、母婴结局、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)及产妇满意度的差异。采用SPSS 26.0进行统计分析处理。采用χ^(2)检验、独立样本t检验、配对样本t检验进行统计分析。结果干预后,试验组SAS评分、SDS评分均低于对照组[SAS:(36.86±6.89)分,(44.12±11.04)分;SDS:(38.92±7.62)分,(48.20±10.44)分],差异有统计学意义(tSAS=-3.946,tSDS=-5.077,均P<0.05)。干预后,试验组GSES评分高于对照组[(2.92±0.49)分,(2.57±0.58)分],差异有统计学意义(t=3.246,P<0.05)。干预后,试验组剖宫产率、巨大儿出生率均低于对照组(10.0%,26.0%;4.0%,16.0%),试验组母乳喂养率高于对照组(86.0%,68.0%),均差异有统计学意义(χ_(剖腹产)^(2)=4.336,χ_(巨大儿)^(2)=4.000,χ母乳喂养2=4.574,均P<0.05);试验组产后出血率与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后,试验组BMI评分低于对照组[(26.11±2.18)kg/m2,(28.02±1.97)kg/m2](t=-4.609,P<0.05)。干预后,试验组产妇满意度高于对照组(96.0%,82.0%) (χ^(2)=5.005,P<0.05)。结论产前针对性心理干预联合瑜伽训练有助于减轻孕产妇的焦虑、抑郁情绪,提高孕产妇的一般自我效能感、体型恢复度、满意度,改善母婴结局。

Objective To explore the effects of prenatal targeted psychological interventions combined with yoga on maternal anxiety,depression and maternal and infant outcomes.Methods A total of 100 pregnant and puerperal women who were enrolled in Jining maternal and child health family planning service center from January 2021 to December 2022 and received regular prenatal care as required were selected as study subjects.According to the random number method,the subjects were divided into experimental and control groups,with 50 cases in each group.The experimental group was given targeted psychological interventions combined with yoga training,while the control group was given only traditional nursing.Then the differences of the self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)score,the self-rating depression scale(SDS)score,the general self-efficacy scale(GSES)score,the maternal and infant outcomes,body mass index(BMI)and the satisfaction of postpartum women were compared between the two groups.SPSS 26.0 software was used for analysis.Theχ^(2) test,independent sample t-test,paired sample t-test were used for statistical analysis.Results After the intervention,the scores of SAS and SDS of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group(SAS:(36.86±6.89),(44.12±11.04);SDS:(38.92±7.62),(48.20±10.44)),and the difference was statistically significant(tSAS=-3.946,tSDS=-5.077,both P<0.05).Following the intervention,the GSES score of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group((2.92±0.49),(2.57±0.58)),and the difference was statistically significant(t=3.246,P<0.05).After the intervention,the cesarean section rate and the birth rate of macrosomia in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group(10.0%,26.0%;4.0%,16.0%),and the rate of breastfeeding was higher than that of the control group(86.0%,68.0%),and the differences were statistically significant(χcesarean2=4.336,χmacrosomia2=4.000,χbreastfeeding2=4.574,all P<0.05).However,no significant difference was found in the postpartum hemorrhage rate between the experimental group and the control group(P>0.05).Following the intervention,BMI of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group((26.11±2.18)kg/m2,(28.02±1.97)kg/m2,(t=-4.609,P<0.05).In addition,postpartum women in the experimental group were significantly more satisfied than those in the control group(96.0%,82.0%;χ^(2)=5.005,P<0.05).Conclusion The combination of prenatal targeted psychological interventions and yoga can reduce maternal anxiety and depression during pregnancy,get body back in shape after having a baby,and improve self-efficacy,satisfaction and the maternal and infant outcomes.