生态系统视域下青少年非自杀性自伤行为影响因素的优势分析

Effect of ecological risk factors on adolescent non⁃suicidal self⁃injury:a dominance analysis

目的探讨生态系统视域下青少年非自杀性自伤行为的风险因素,确定其相对重要性排序。方法采用累积生态风险问卷和青少年非自杀性自伤行为问卷对黑龙江省和山东省6829名初中生进行问卷调查,评估生态系统中家庭、学校、同伴和社区各子系统风险因素对非自杀性自伤行为的预测作用及相对重要性。结果青少年非自杀性自伤行为与家庭风险、学校风险、同伴风险及社区风险均成显著正相关(r=0.75、r=0.43、r=0.66、r=0.35,P<0.01);优势分析中仅家庭风险、学校风险和同伴风险进入回归模型,按相对重要性排序为:家庭风险(贡献率为45.31%)>同伴风险(贡献率为34.38%)>学校风险(贡献率为20.31%)。结论生态系统视域下,来自家庭、同伴和学校中的风险因素均与青少年非自杀性自伤行为密切相关,其中家庭层面是青少年非自杀性自伤行为最重要的生态风险因素,关注家庭处境对预防和降低青少年非自杀性自伤行为尤为重要。

Objective To explore the order of magnitude of ecological risk factors on adolescent non⁃suicidal self⁃injury.Methods A total of 6829 adolescents from Shandong Province and Heilongjiang Province were selected to complete accumulated ecological risk questionnaire and adolescent non⁃suicidal self⁃jury questionnaire.The dominance analysis was used to determine the related factors and their order of magnitude.Results Adolescent non⁃suicidal self⁃injury was positively correlated with family risk factors,school risk factors,peer risk factors and community risk factors(r=0.75,r=0.43,r=0.66,r=0.35;P<0.01).There were family risk factors,school risk factors and peer risk factors in the full model of dominance analysis.The order relative importance was family risk factors(45.31%contribution),peer risk factors(34.38%contribution),and school risk factors(20.31%contribution).Conclusion From the perspective of ecosys⁃tem,the risk factors from family,peer and school are closely related to adolescents′NSSI,and the family level is the most important ecological risk factor,suggesting to pay attention to adolescents families to reduce NSSI.