大学生就业压力量表编制及信效度检验

College students′employment pressure scale development and reliability and validity test

目的编制大学生就业压力量表并进行信效度检验,为识别和解决不同年级大学生所存在的就业压力问题提供可靠的评估工具。方法基于认知—现象学—交互作用理论,通过文献研究法、开放式问卷调查、访谈法、专家咨询法和预调查形成大学生就业压力量表。采用典型抽样方法,选取安徽省3002名大学生作为研究对象进行问卷调查,以检验量表的信效度。结果最终形成的大学生就业压力量表包括综合素质、社会需求、就业预期、职业获得支持和自我定位5个维度,共30个条目。累计方差解释率为72.73%,总量表的Cronbach′sα系数为0.977,各维度的Cronbach′sα系数区间为0.870~0.932,重测信度区间为0.616~0.669。验证性因子分析结果显示χ^(2)/df=17.311,GFI=0.829,RMSEA=0.077,RMR=0.044,CFI=0.913,NFI=0.908,NNFI=0.904。压力感问卷中家庭压力、人际压力、学校环境压力和学业压力维度与大学生就业压力量表各维度均呈显著正相关。结论大学生就业压力量表具有良好的信度和效度,符合心理测量学要求,可以作为评价大学生就业压力的测量工具。

Objective To develop the employment stress scale for college students,so as to provide a reliable measurement tool for early identification and resolution of the employment stress of college students of different grades.Methods Based on cognitive⁃phenomenology⁃interaction theory,the employment stress scale of college students was formed through literature review,open questionnaire,interview,expert consulting and pre⁃survey.A total of 3002 students from grade 1 to grade 5 of five universities in Anhui Provincebyconvenience samplingmethodwereselected as research objects to test the reliability and validity of the questionnaire.Results The final scale of college students′employment pressure in⁃cludes 5 dimensions:comprehensive quality,social demand,employment expectation,career support and self⁃positioning,with a total of 30 items.The cumulative variance explanation rate was 72.73%,the Cronbach′sαcoefficient of the total scale was 0.977,the Cronbach′sαcoefficient interval of each dimension was 0.870~0.932,and the test⁃retest reliability interval was 0.616~0.669.Confirmatory factor analysis showed thatχ^(2)/df=17.311,GFI=0.829,RMSEA=0.077,RMR=0.044,CFI=0.913,NFI=0.908,NNFI=0.904.There was a significant positive correlation between the dimen⁃sions of stress questionnaire and the dimensions of the employment stress scale for college students.Conclusion The em⁃ployment stress scale for college students has good reliability and validity,which meets the requirements of psychometrics.It can be used as an effective tool to measure the employment stress of college students.