北京市乳母维生素D营养状况及影响因素分析

The nutritional status of vitamin D and its influencing factors among lactating women in Beijing

目的了解北京市乳母维生素D营养状况,并分析其影响因素。方法采用分层随机抽样方法,抽取北京市产后0~24个月的乳母进行问卷调查,并采集其血样测定血清25-羟基维生素D含量;采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析影响其维生素D水平的因素。结果北京市乳母血清25(OH)D含量为(19.92±10.26)ng/mL,[M(P25,P75)]为[18.31(13.48,23.63)]ng/mL。乳母维生素D不足率为40.0%,缺乏率为17.3%,不足和缺乏率为57.3%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,中心性肥胖(OR=1.652,95%CI:1.132~2.410)、蔬菜摄入量<300 g/d(OR=1.650,95%CI:1.131~2.408)、接受过母乳喂养知识(OR=1.985,95%CI:1.270~3.103)是乳母维生素D不足的影响因素;第1次生育(OR=1.763,95%CI:1.036~2.998)、水产品摄入量<2次/周(OR=1.678,95%CI:1.028~2.739)是乳母维生素D缺乏的影响因素。结论北京市乳母维生素D不足和缺乏情况较为严重,相关部门亟需开展乳母维生素D营养状况动态监测工作,实施科学、及时、有效的干预,预防和减少乳母或婴儿不良健康结局的发生。

Objective To understand the nutritional status of vitamin D and its influencing factors among lactating women in Beijing.Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to select lactating women aged 0-24 months after delivery in Beijing by a questionnaire survey,and their blood samples were collected to determine serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D content.Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting vitamin D level.Results The serum 25(OH)D content of lactating women in Beijing was(19.92±10.26)ng/mL,[M(P25,P75)]was[18.31(13.48,23.63)]ng/mL.The vitamin D insufficiency rate of lactating women was 40.0%,the deficiency rate was 17.3%,and the insufficiency and deficiency rate was 57.3%.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that cen⁃tral obesity(OR=1.652,95%CI:1.132-2.410),vegetable intake<300g/day(OR=1.650,95%CI:1.131-2.408),and breastfeeding knowledge(OR=1.985,95%CI:1.270-3.103)were the influencing factors of vitamin D under⁃nutrition in lactating women.The first birth(OR=1.763,95%CI:1.036-2.998)and intake of aquatic products<2 times/week(OR=1.678,95%CI:1.028-2.739)were the influencing factors of vitamin D deficiency in lactating women.Conclusion The insufficiency and deficiency of vitamin D in lactating women in Beijing are serious.It is urgent for relevant departments to carry out dynamic monitoring of vitamin D nutritional status of lactating women and implement scien⁃tific,timely and effective intervention to prevent and reduce the occurrence of adverse health outcomes of lactating women or infants.