民族地区农村人力资源开发评价与提升策略——基于民族八省区人力资源因子分析

Evaluation and Promotion Strategy of Rural Human Resources Development in Ethnic Minority Areas—Based on Factors Analysis of Human Resources in Eight Provinces and Autonomous Regions with Large Ethnic Minority Populations

借助2020年我国民族八省区截面数据,从人口规模、经济发展、教育培训、医疗健康、文化环境五方面构建人力资源开发评价指标体系,对民族八省区农村人力资源的开发水平进行实证研究。经数据标准化处理和因子分析,建立载荷矩阵,计算各省区人力资源质量、成本、环境、发展的单项因子评价分值及省区综合评价分值,结果表明,民族八省区农村人力资源开发综合水平由高到低依次为内蒙古、广西、青海、新疆、宁夏、贵州、云南、西藏。为了提高民族八省区农村人力资源整体发展水平,结合各省区单项因子的评价结果,内蒙古应着重关注人力资源开发的环境因子,推进人力资源质量开发;广西宜发挥人力资源的数量优势,转化为质量优势;青海应加快构建特色农村现代化生态经济体系,同时提升全民健康水平;新疆宜在加快发展的前提下,重点提升技术创新以完善农村产业结构;宁夏应重点关注教育培训,并大力提升政府治理水平;贵州宜加快推动全省高科技经济发展,赋能农村人力资源开发;云南应进一步推动民营经济与口岸经济发展,提升农村居民可支配收入水平;西藏宜做好人力资源开发的基础性工作,增加教育、医疗及基础设施建设的投入。

Based on the cross-sectional data of China's eight ethnic provinces and autonomous regions with large ethnic minority populations in 2020,an evaluation index system of human resources development is constructed from the five aspects of population size,economic development,education and training,medical and health,and cultural environment,giving an empirical study on the development level of rural human resources in these provinces and municipals.Through data standardization processing and factor analysis,the load matrix is established,and the single factor evaluation scores of human resources quality,cost,environment and development and the comprehensive evaluation scores are calculated.The results show that the order of the comprehensive level of rural human resources development in the eight ethnic provinces and autonomous regions is Inner Mongolia,Guangxi,Qinghai,Xinjiang,Ningxia,Guizhou,Yunnan and Tibet,from high to low.In order to improve the overall development level of rural human resources,considering the evaluation results of individual factors in different provinces and municipals,Inner Mongolia should focus on the environmental factors of human resources development and promote the quality development of human resources;Guangxi should give full play to the quantitative advantages of human resources and transform them into quality advantages;Qinghai should speed up the construction of a modern ecological economic system in characteristic rural areas and simultaneously improve the health level of the whole people.Under the premise of speeding up development,Xinjiang should focus on upgrading technological innovation to improve the rural industrial structure;Ningxia should focus on education and training and vigorously enhance the level of governance;Guizhou should speed up high-tech economy and empower the development of rural human resources;Yunnan should further promote private economy and border economy and raise the disposable income level of rural residents;and Tibet should do a good job in the basic work of human resources development and increase investment in education,medical care and infrastructure construction.