论传统村落保护发展的困境与出路——以乡村振兴中的风险社会治理为视角

The Dilemma and Way out of the Protection and Development of Traditional Villages—From the Perspective of Risk Social Governance in Rural Revitalization

传统村落是中华民族传统聚落文化景观基因、空间基因和精神基因的活态化遗存,其保护与发展是乡村振兴战略实施推进过程中的重要议题。在风险社会治理的背景下,传统村落作为一种特殊类型的乡村遗产,其保护发展的内生性社会结构、文化传承和产业转型风险加剧,乡村系统转变的结构失衡;外生性风貌异化、旅发过度、灾害突发风险凸显,乡村应对变化的响应失范;主体性行政介入和市场介入风险扩大,乡村保护发展运行失序。传统村落保护发展中的规划路径依赖、保障机制不全以及实施推进主体缺失,是导致其陷入困境、脆弱性凸显的主要原因。结合乡村振兴战略推进,化解和突破传统村落保护发展过程中面临和产生的各类风险与困境,关键在于在保护发展过程中构建风险社会治理动态评估监测体系与沟通参与机制,完善相关的法规制度保障与风险响应机制,同时健全以原住居民为主体的自治组织和规划协同机制。

Traditional villages are the active remains of landscape genes,spatial genes and spiritual genes of Chinese traditional settlement culture,and their protection and development is an important issue in the process of promoting rural revitalization.In the context of risk social governance,traditional villages,as a special type of rural heritage,have increased the risks of endogenous social structure,cultural inheritance and industrial transformation in their protection and development,leading to the structural imbalance of rural system transformation.The dissimilation of exogenous features,the ex-cessive tourist development,and the prominent sudden risks of disaster have made the response of rural areas to these changes abnormal.In addition,the risk of subjective administrative intervention and market intervention is enlarged,and the operation of rural protection and development is out of order.The dependence of planning path,incomplete guarantee mechanism and lack of implementation and promotion subjects in the protection and development of traditional villages are the main reasons leading to their predicament and prominent vulnerability.Combined with the strategy of rural revitalization,to resolve various risks in the process of protection and development of traditional villages,the key is to build a dynamic assessment and monitoring system and communication and participation mechanism for risk social governance,and improve the relevant laws and regulations and risk response mechanism.At the same time,the autonomous organization and planning coordination mechanism should be promoted with indigenous residents as the subjects.