基于碳点的色谱分离材料研究进展

Recent advances in carbon dots-based chromatographic separation materials

色谱分离的核心是色谱柱,色谱柱的灵魂是色谱分离材料,色谱分离材料的种类和性质直接决定色谱的分离模式和分离性能。碳点作为一类新型的零维碳纳米材料,自2004年被首次报道以来,凭借其广泛的原料来源、低毒性、易于功能化、优异的生物相容性和抗光漂白性等独特性能,已广泛应用于生物成像、发光二极管、传感、催化等领域,并呈现出蓬勃的生机。同时,碳点还具有设计性强、粒径大小适中等优势,将其引入色谱分离新材料中开发高选择性的色谱固定相具有重要意义。本文首先简要回顾了碳点的分类、合成策略、发展历程,然后聚焦于色谱分离材料领域,系统综述了近年来碳点在液相色谱固定相(含亲水色谱、反相色谱、混合色谱、手性色谱等)、气相色谱固定相和毛细管电色谱固定相方面的最新研究进展,特别强调了各类固定相的制备方法及其应用,并对碳点在色谱分离材料领域的发展前景和未来努力方向进行了分析和展望,期望为基于碳点的色谱分离新材料的理性设计及应用提供一些参考。

Chromatographic column is the core of chromatographic separation,and chromatographic separation material is considered the soul of the chromatographic column.The type and characteristics of the chromatographic separation material directly determine the separation mode and performance of chromatographic columns.The development and preparation of separation materials with novel structures and good separation performance is an ongoing hotspot in chromatography research.Given rapid developments in nanoscience and technology,nanomaterials with unique surface functional groups and large specific surface areas have attracted extensive attention and great interest from researchers in the field of separation science.Carbon dots(CDs),a new type of zero-dimensional fluorescent carbon nanomaterials,have been widely used in bioimaging,light-emitting diodes,sensing,catalysis,drug delivery,and other applications since they were first reported in 2004.These nanomaterials present several advantages over other types of separation materials,including a simple preparation process,low toxicity,easy functionalization,excellent biocompatibility,and photobleaching resistance.In addition,compared with traditional carbon nanomaterials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes,CDs have abundant surface functional groups,nanoscale sizes,and moderate adsorption properties.Hence,when CDs-based new materials are applied as a stationary phase for column chromatography,they can provide rich reaction sites and ensure the uniformity of the chromatographic packing process.The use of CDs can effectively avoid the peak-tailing phenomenon caused by the strong interaction of largeπ-conjugated systems with some analytes and improve the efficiency of the chromatographic column.As such,these nanomaterials show good application prospects in the field of chromatographic separation.In this review,the development history,classification,and synthesis strategies of CDs are briefly described.We then focus on the development of CDs-based chromatographic separation materials by systematically reviewing the recent advances in the use of CDs-based materials as a stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography(including hydrophilic interaction,reversed-phase,mixed-mode,and chiral chromatography),gas chromatography,and capillary electrochromatography,with special emphasis on the preparation methods and applications of various stationary phases.Finally,the development prospects of CDs and future research efforts on these materials are also analyzed and discussed.This review can provide guidance on the rational design and application of new CDs-based chromatographic separation materials.