荀子兵学思想研究——以《议兵》篇为中心

A Study of Xun Zi’s Military Thought--Focusing on the Chapter of On the Military

荀子的兵学思想继承于孔、孟,集中于《议兵》篇,其精华在于从政治高度谈论军事,但他的兵学思想也有其局限性。荀子从政治角度谈军事有四个方面:一是战争的政治基础是统一民心;二是崇尚王道,兼重霸道;三是政治为主,军事为辅;四是仁义之师,战无不胜。荀子从军事角度谈军事也有四个方面:一是对战争指挥者(将帅)的要求;二是对军队的管理要求;三是战争的目的,禁暴除害;四是战争成果,兼凝并用。

Xun Zi’s military thought inherits from Confucius and Mencius,and is concentrated in the chapter of On the Military.Its essence lies in discussing military affairs from a political perspective,which distinguishes it from Western military theorists.However,Xun Zi overlooks the relatively independent status of military affairs,leading to idealistic and limited aspects of his military thought.From a political perspective,Xun Zi covers four aspects of military affairs:the political foundation of war lies in winning people’s hearts;he advocates both benevolent and hegemonic governance;politics takes precedence,and the military serves as a supplement;a benevolent and righteous army will be invincible in battle.From a military perspective,Xun Zi covers four aspects as well:the requirements for war commanders,the management of armies,the purpose of wars(eliminating cruelty and harm),and the results of wars(integration and consolidation).