导电材料强化厌氧处理技术研究进展

Research progress of conductive material enhanced anaerobic treatment technology

厌氧处理技术是处理有机废物、生产清洁能源的有效技术,而传统厌氧技术存在挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)积累、甲烷产率低、微生物生长速度慢、反应器运行不稳定等问题,使得能源消耗和处理成本不断增加。近年来,碳基导电材料和铁基导电材料因具有比表面积大、导电性能良好、经济环保等优点,被广泛应用于废水厌氧处理领域。导电材料可促进共营养细菌和产甲烷古菌之间的直接种间电子转移(DIET),从而促进污染物高效降解并提升产甲烷效能。在讨论导电材料性质的基础上,从提高COD去除率、促进VFA消耗、促进产甲烷以及改善微生物群落角度,论述了导电材料对厌氧处理技术的强化作用,在厌氧处理过程中添加导电材料可以加速和稳定有机废物向甲烷的转化,并对未来的发展前景提出了一些建议,以期为先进导电材料的开发及其工程应用提供参考。

Anaerobic treatment technology is an effective technology for treating organic wastes and producing clean energy.However,the traditional anaerobic technology also has problems such as volatile fatty acids(VFA) accumulation,low methane yield,slow microbial growth and unstable reactor operation,which make the energy consumption and treatment cost increase continuously.In recent years,carbon-based and iron-based conductive materials have been widely used in the field of wastewater anaerobic treatment because of their large specific surface area,good conductivity,economic and environmental protection.Conductive materials can promote direct interspecific electron transfer(DIET) between syntrophic bacteria and methanogenic archaea,thus promoting efficient degradation of pollutants and improving methanogenic efficiency.On the basis of discussing the properties of conductive materials,the strengthening effect of conductive materials on anaerobic treatment technology was discussed from the perspective of improving COD removal rate,promoting VFA consumption,promoting methanogenesis and improving microbial community.The analysis showed that adding conductive materials in anaerobic treatment process could accelerate and stabilize the conversion of organic wastes to methane.In addition,some suggestions were put forward for the future development prospects,in order to provide reference for the development and engineering application of advanced conductive materials.