Noah-MP陆面模式在东疆黑戈壁的适用性

Applicability of Noah-MP Land Surface Model in the Black Gobi of Eastern Xinjiang

新疆东部黑戈壁作为气候恶劣、人迹罕至及黑色砾石下垫面的生态脆弱区,陆面过程参数化方案不易确定。利用东疆哈密戈壁陆气相互作用站观测数据集,开展Noah-MP陆面模式离线模拟试验,找出适合戈壁区域的最佳参数化方案组合,给出了土壤湿度对戈壁区域陆气热交换的影响。结果表明:(1)针对感热通量(H)、净辐射通量(R0)和土壤地表温度(T0)均表现为第二种组合方案的模拟误差(MB)最小,其中MBH=18.28 W·m^(-2),MBR0=14.92 W·m^(-2),MBT0=-1.19℃,模式效率(NSE)最高NSEH=0.74,NSER0=0.98,NSET0=0.96。针对潜热通量(LE)表现为第一种组合方案模拟效果最佳,其中MB为7.10 W·m^(-2),NSE为-0.57。(2)模式针对土壤湿度的模拟效果均不好,模式预报土壤湿度偏干,第七种组合方案的模式效率指数较高,为0.278。(3)针对土壤10 cm温度,第一种组合方案虽预报效率指数最高,为0.7,但误差较大,达1.23℃,第二种组合方案误差最小,为0.45℃。第二种组合方案在东疆黑戈壁地区的普适性最高。(4)Noah-MP在RMAPS-CA系统中在线耦合后,2 m温度的预报效果整体优于离线Noah模式。

As an ecologically fragile area with severe climate,few people and black gravel underlying in the eastern gobi region of Xinjiang,the land surface process parameterization scheme is not easy to determine.Based on the observation data set of land-air interaction,Noah and Noah-MP offline simulation tests were carried out to find out the best parameterization scheme suitable for the gobi region,and the effect of soil moisture on land-air heat exchange in the gobi region was given.The conclusions are as follows:(1)For sensible heat flux(H),net radiant flux(R0)and soil surface temperature(T0),the simulation error(MB)of the second combination scheme is the smallest,where MBH=18.28 W·m^(-2),MBR0=14.92 W·m^(-2),MBT0=-1.19℃,and the highest model efficiency(NSE)is NSEH=0.74,NSER0=0.98,NSET0=0.96.The first combination scheme has the best simulation effect for latent heat flux(LE),with MB of 7.10 W·m^(-2) and NSE of-0.57.(2)The simulation effect of the model on soil moisture is not good,and the model predicts dry soil moisture.The seventh combination scheme has a higher model efficiency of 0.278.(3)For the soil temperature of 10 cm,although the first combination scheme has the highest prediction efficiency index of 0.7,the error is relatively large,reaching 1.23℃.The second combination scheme has the smallest error,reaching 0.45℃.In summary,the second combination scheme has the highest universality in the black gobi region of eastern Xinjiang.(4)After online coupling in the RMAPS-CA system,the overall prediction effect of Noah MP at 2 m temperature is better than that of offline Noah model.